The Book "How to taste coffee" 2

stir /ˈstɜːr/

Explanation: to move a liquid or substance around with a spoon or another tool.

Synonyms: mix, blend, agitate.

Russian: мешать, перемешивать, размешивать.

Context: in coffee brewing, stirring mixes the coffee grounds and water, helping them come into contact and potentially influencing extraction.

harsh /hɑːrʃ/

Explanation: unpleasantly strong, rough, or intense to the senses.

Synonyms: rough, sharp, severe.

Russian: резкий, грубый, жёсткий.

Context: describes an unpleasantly rough flavor or excessive bitterness in coffee.

smooth /smuːð/

Explanation: pleasant and even, without roughness.

Synonyms: mellow, silky, soft.

Russian: мягкий, бархатистый, гладкий.

Context: describes a pleasant mouthfeel without harsh bitterness or sharp acidity.

prompt /prɑːmpt/

Explanation: to encourage someone to act or respond; also, a cue that helps someone respond.

Synonyms: trigger, encourage, cue.

Russian: побуждать, вызывать; подсказка, стимул.

Context: a particular aroma can encourage a person to describe a sensory impression.

flesh out /fleʃ aʊt/

Explanation: to develop an idea by adding more details.

Synonyms: elaborate on, expand, develop.

Russian: подробно раскрыть, дополнить деталями, развить.

Context: developing an initial impression into a detailed description of coffee flavor or aroma.

assessment /əˈsesmənt/

Explanation: the process of evaluating the quality, value, or nature of something.

Synonyms: evaluation, appraisal, judgment.

Russian: оценка, оценивание, анализ.

Context: systematically evaluating coffee’s aroma, flavor, acidity, sweetness, body, and aftertaste.

aversion /əˈvɜːrʒən/

Explanation: a strong feeling of dislike or opposition.

Synonyms: dislike, distaste, repulsion.

Russian: отвращение, неприязнь, сильная антипатия.

Context: a strong negative reaction to a particular taste, smell, or texture.

gagging /ˈɡæɡɪŋ/

Explanation: experiencing involuntary throat contractions that make you feel as if you might vomit.

Synonyms: retching, heaving.

Russian: рвотный рефлекс, позывы к рвоте.

Context: an extremely unpleasant taste or smell may trigger this reaction.

appear /əˈpɪr/

Explanation: to become visible, seem a certain way, or come into existence.

Synonyms: seem, emerge, show up.

Russian: появляться, казаться, возникать.

Context: describes when a flavor or sensation becomes noticeable during tasting.

overabundance /ˌoʊvərəˈbʌndəns/

Explanation: an excessively large amount of something.

Synonyms: excess, surplus, glut.

Russian: избыток, чрезмерное количество.

Context: too much bitterness or acidity can make coffee taste unbalanced.

sheer force of will /ʃɪr fɔːrs əv wɪl/

Explanation: the ability to achieve something through determination alone.

Synonyms: sheer determination, willpower, persistence.

Russian: сила воли, непоколебимая решимость.

Context: emphasizes overcoming a difficult task through mental strength.

whereas /ˌwerˈæz/

Explanation: used to contrast two facts, situations, or ideas.

Synonyms: while, in contrast, but.

Russian: тогда как, в то время как.

Context: introduces a contrast between sensory experiences, such as sweetness and bitterness.

certainly /ˈsɜːrtənli/

Explanation: without doubt; definitely.

Synonyms: definitely, surely, undoubtedly.

Russian: безусловно, определённо, конечно.

Context: expresses confidence or certainty about a statement.

obtain /əbˈteɪn/

Explanation: to get or acquire something, usually through effort or a process.

Synonyms: acquire, gain, procure.

Russian: получать, приобретать, добывать.

Context: obtaining information or results through observation, testing, or tasting.

oddly /ˈɑːdli/

Explanation: in a strange, unusual, or unexpected way.

Synonyms: strangely, unusually, curiously.

Russian: странно, необычно, как ни странно.

Context: describes an unexpected reaction or sensory experience.

regard /rɪˈɡɑːrd/

Explanation: to consider something in a particular way; also, attention or respect.

Synonyms: consider, view, respect.

Russian: считать, рассматривать, относиться; уважение.

Context: describes how someone interprets a taste, smell, or sensory experience.

due /duː/

Explanation: expected to happen, caused by something, or owed.

Synonyms: expected, scheduled, attributable to.

Russian: ожидаемый, назначенный; обусловленный; подлежащий уплате.

Context: can indicate that a sensory reaction occurs because of a particular cause.

morph /mɔːrf/

Explanation: to change from one form, state, or appearance into another.

Synonyms: transform, evolve, change.

Russian: трансформироваться, превращаться, видоизменяться.

Context: describes how one flavor impression can change into another during tasting.

affinity /əˈfɪnəti/

Explanation: a natural liking for something or a tendency for things to be connected.

Synonyms: attraction, inclination, connection.

Russian: склонность, тяга, близость, сродство.

Context: describes a natural preference for certain tastes or a connection between sensory characteristics.

occur /əˈkɜːr/

Explanation: to happen, take place, or exist.

Synonyms: happen, take place, arise.

Russian: происходить, случаться, возникать.

Context: describes when a taste, smell, or sensation happens or becomes noticeable.

oddball /ˈɑːdˌbɔːl/

Explanation: a person or thing that is unusual or different from what is considered normal.

Synonyms: eccentric, unusual, quirky.

Russian: чудак, странный человек; нечто необычное.

Context: describes an unusual behavior, characteristic, or sensory experience.

either /ˈiːðər/

Explanation: one of two possibilities; in negative sentences, also means “also not.”

Synonyms: one or the other, any one of two.

Russian: любой из двух, один из двух; тоже не.

Context: presents two alternative tastes or sensations, or adds a negative statement.

appealing /əˈpiːlɪŋ/

Explanation: attractive, pleasant, or interesting.

Synonyms: attractive, pleasing, enticing.

Russian: привлекательный, приятный, заманчивый.

Context: describes a coffee’s aroma, flavor, or character that makes it enjoyable.

tangy /ˈtæŋi/

Explanation: having a strong, sharp, pleasantly sour or acidic taste.

Synonyms: tart, zesty.

Russian: с кислинкой.

Context: describes lively acidity that may remind you of citrus fruits.

revolt /rɪˈvoʊlt/

Explanation: to cause a strong feeling of disgust; also, to rebel against authority.

Synonyms: disgust, repel, rebel.

Russian: вызывать отвращение; восставать, бунтовать.

Context: describes a strong negative reaction to an unpleasant taste or smell.

ingest /ɪnˈdʒest/

Explanation: to take food, drink, or another substance into the body through the mouth.

Synonyms: consume, swallow, take in.

Russian: употреблять, проглатывать, принимать внутрь.

Context: refers to consuming coffee rather than merely smelling or tasting it.

prize /praɪz/

Explanation: something valuable given to a winner; as a verb, to value something highly.

Synonyms: award, reward, treasure.

Russian: приз, награда; высоко ценить, дорожить.

Context: can refer to an award-winning coffee or something considered especially valuable.

tartness /ˈtɑːrtnəs/

Explanation: a sharp, sour taste, often associated with citrus or unripe fruit.

Synonyms: sourness, acidity, tanginess.

Russian: кислота, кислинка, выраженность кислого вкуса.

Context: describes noticeable acidity that may be pleasant and fruity or unpleasantly sharp.

tanginess /ˈtæŋɪnəs/

Explanation: a sharp, lively, slightly sour taste that creates a fresh sensation.

Synonyms: tartness, zestiness, sharpness.

Russian: выраженная кислинка, яркая кислинка.

Context: describes lively acidity that may remind you of citrus fruits.

overwhelmed /ˌoʊvərˈwelmd/

Explanation: feeling unable to manage something because it is too intense or there is too much to process.

Synonyms: overloaded, overpowered, swamped.

Russian: ошеломлённый, перегруженный, подавленный.

Context: describes being overloaded by many intense flavors or aromas at once.

obscure /əbˈskjʊr/

Explanation: difficult to understand or recognize clearly; not well known.

Synonyms: unclear, vague, mysterious.

Russian: неясный, непонятный, малоизвестный.

Context: describes a flavor or aroma that is difficult to identify or is hidden by stronger sensations.

absence /ˈæbsəns/

Explanation: the state of not being present or not existing.

Synonyms: lack, shortage, nonexistence.

Russian: отсутствие, нехватка.

Context: describes the lack of a particular taste or sensation, such as sweetness or bitterness.

degrade /dɪˈɡreɪd/

Explanation: to reduce the quality, value, or condition of something.

Synonyms: deteriorate, damage, diminish.

Russian: ухудшать, портить, снижать качество.

Context: refers to declining coffee quality as desirable aromas fade with age or poor storage.

reminiscent /ˌremɪˈnɪsənt/

Explanation: reminding you of something because of a similarity.

Synonyms: evocative, suggestive, similar.

Russian: напоминающий, вызывающий воспоминания.

Context: describes a flavor or aroma that reminds you of chocolate, berries, or citrus.

enhance /ɪnˈhæns/

Explanation: to improve or increase the quality, value, or intensity of something.

Synonyms: improve, intensify, boost.

Russian: улучшать, усиливать, повышать.

Context: describes making desirable qualities, such as sweetness or aroma, more noticeable.

conduct /kənˈdʌkt/

Explanation: to organize and carry out an activity, experiment, or investigation.

Synonyms: carry out, perform, execute.

Russian: проводить, осуществлять, выполнять.

Context: refers to carrying out a tasting or sensory evaluation systematically.

mammal /ˈmæməl/

Explanation: an animal that feeds its young with milk produced by the mother.

Synonyms: milk-producing animal.

Russian: млекопитающее.

Context: humans are mammals whose sensory systems detect tastes, smells, and textures.

innate /ɪˈneɪt/

Explanation: existing naturally from birth rather than learned through experience.

Synonyms: inborn, inherent, natural.

Russian: врождённый, присущий от рождения.

Context: describes natural abilities or preferences, such as a preference for sweetness.

allure /əˈlʊr/

Explanation: a quality that makes someone or something attractive or desirable.

Synonyms: appeal, attraction, charm.

Russian: привлекательность, очарование, притягательность.

Context: describes the qualities that make a coffee appealing, such as its aroma, flavor, or uniqueness.

thickness /ˈθɪknəs/

Explanation: the quality of being thick or dense; also, the distance between two surfaces.

Synonyms: density, viscosity, substance.

Russian: густота, плотность, толщина.

Context: relates to the perceived heaviness or viscosity of coffee in the mouth.

thin /θɪn/

Explanation: having little thickness or density; not rich or substantial.

Synonyms: watery, light, weak.

Russian: тонкий, жидкий, водянистый, некрепкий.

Context: describes a light-bodied coffee that feels watery or lacks richness.

no dice /noʊ daɪs/

Explanation: an informal expression meaning that something is unsuccessful, impossible, or refused.

Synonyms: no luck, no way, not possible.

Russian: ничего не вышло, не получилось, никак.

Context: can describe an unsuccessful attempt to identify a particular flavor.

outlet /ˈaʊtlet/

Explanation: ways or places through which something is expressed, released, or distributed; also, shops.

Synonyms: channel, avenue, store.

Russian: источники, издания, каналы media, торговые точки.

Context: in sensory science, may refer to ways of expressing emotions or releasing sensations; the exact meaning depends on the sentence.

in order to /ɪn ˈɔːrdər tuː/

Explanation: used to explain the purpose of an action.

Synonyms: so as to, with the aim of.

Russian: для того чтобы, с целью.

Context: explains why an action is performed, such as adjusting the grind size to achieve the desired extraction.

testants /ˈtestənts/

Explanation: any chemical substance or molecule that dissolves in saliva and stimulates the sense of taste by activating taste receptor cells

Synonyms: taste stimuli, taste substances.

Russian: возможный вариант — вкусовые вещества, вещества, вызывающие вкусовое ощущение.

Context: It is a sensory-science term for substances that stimulate taste receptors.

cover up /ˌkʌvər ˈʌp/

Explanation: to hide something or prevent it from being noticed.

Synonyms: conceal, hide, mask.

Russian: скрывать, прикрывать, маскировать.

Context: one coffee flavor may hide another, for example, excessive bitterness may mask delicate fruity notes.

savory /ˈseɪvəri/

Explanation: having a rich, non-sweet taste, often associated with saltiness or umami.

Synonyms: umami, meaty, salty.

Russian: пикантный, несладкий, с насыщенным вкусом.

Context: describes flavors associated with broth, mushrooms, or herbs; in coffee, it may refer to earthy, herbal, or spice-like notes.