Midterm Exam Review- American History

The 1886 Haymarket Affair in Chicago led to the creation of what holiday celebrated in most countries of the world except the US?

Labor (May) Day

According to Frederick Jackson Turner's "Frontier Thesis," the US became exceptional and great thanks to what?

material conditions

What are the countries that the US invades and occupies at any time between winning the Spanish American War and declaring war on Germany in WWI?

China, Haiti, and Nicaragua

Which of the following was NOT a proposal of the Populist Party's Omaha Platform?

increase restrictions on who can vote

review of a book or performance, scholarly book, and a biography are all examples of

secondary sources

artifacts, photographs, and international treaties are all examples of

primary sources

Woodrow Wilson's 14 points and the first Red Scare were in large part US government responses to the

Russian (Bolshevik) Revolution

What kind of rights were most likely to be valued by business owners above other groups? The rights to

own and use property without restriction

During the Progressive Era, what rights were likely to be sought by African Americans more than native-born white Americans? The rights to

due process and fair trials

Moral Imperalism (also known as Moral Diplomacy) was associated with the foreign policy of which president?

Woodrow Wilson

Ida B. Wells, Upton Sinclair, and Lincoln Steffens are all _________________________ of the Progressive Era

muckraking journalists

Which of the following did nearly all progressives (moderates to radicals) of the Progressive Era generally agree on?

using government, science, and reason to address social problems

the idea that society works by "survival of the fittest"; the successful deserve success

social darwinism

late 1800s period of industrial growth, wealth, inequality, and political corruption

Gilded Age

the belief that government should interfere as little as possible in business

laissez-faire

business leaders who built large industries and believed in economic freedom

industrialists

leaders who fought for workers' wages, safety, hours, and union rights

labor leaders

people who wanted to fix capitalism through government and social reforms

reformists

people who wanted major or complete changes to the capitalist system

revolutionaries

a monetary system where money's value is tied to gold

gold standard

a movement for more silver-based money and a larger money supply

free silver

divided native lands into individual plots to promote assimilation and market participation

Dawes Act (1887)

forcing or encouraging a group to adopt the dominant culture

assimilation

abolished slavery except as punishment for a crime

13th amendment

forced labor of prisoners, disproportionately affecting African Americans

convict leasing

system of racial segregation and discrimination, especially in the South

Jim Crow

methods used to prevent people from voting, such as poll taxes and literacy tests

voter suppression

illegal killings used as racial terror, especially against African Americans

lynchings

journalist and activist who investigated and fought against lynching

Ida B. Wells

journalist who exposed corruption, injustice, and social problems

muckraker

Supreme Court case that established the "separate but equal" doctrine

Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)

legal doctrine allowing racial segregation if facilities were supposedly equal

separate but equal

Frederick Jackson Turner's idea that the frontier shaped American independence and democracy

frontier thesis

the idea that labor used to produce goods helps determine their economic value

labor theory of value

period when reformers tried to address problems caused by industrialization and inequality

Progressive Era

movement for political, economic, and social reforms

progressivism

political reform, regulation, labor reforms, consumer protection, and women's suffrage

progressive successes

many reforms excluded african americans, immigrants, and other marginalized groups

progressive failures

established direct election of US senators

17th amendment

granted women the constitutional right to vote

19th amendment

effort to make immigrants adopt American language, culture, and values

americanization

the US used intervention and occupation to increase its influence in Latin America

US and Latin America

the US initially stayed out of WWI while trading and lending to the Allies

US neutrality in WWI

why did the US enter WWI?

growing economic tied to the Allies and events that made neutrality increasingly difficult

law that punished actions seen as interfering with the war effort, restricting dissent

Espionage Act (1917)

the US promoted democracy abroad while restricting some freedoms at home

WWI and democracy

fear of communism, socialism, anarchism, and radical political movements after WWI

Red Scare

law establishing strict national-origins quotas to limit immigration

Immigration Act of 1924

favoring native-born Americans and opposing immigration

nativism

businesses offered workers benefits to reduce unionization and strikes

welfare capitalism

a culture focused on buying mass-produced goods for comfort, entertainment, and status

consumer culture

buying products with credit and paying for them over time

installment buying

economic growth fueled by mass production, consumer spending, and new technologies

1920s prosperity

many farmers, workers, and minorities did not share equally in the decade's prosperity

1920s poverty

producing more goods than consumers can afford to buy

overproduction

risky investing based on expectations that stock prices would keep rising

stock market speculation

money owed from buying goods using credit or installment plans

consumer debt

debt, inequality, overproduction, farm problems, and stock speculation weakened the economy

seeds of the Great Depression

Warren G. Harding's slogan calling for a return to prewar normal life and politics

return to normalcy

war expanded government power and regulation, but also led to repression and declining reform politics

WWI as a high point of progressivism

evidence created during the period, such as letters, diaries, speeches, photos, or newspapers

primary source

later work that analyzes or interprets historical events

secondary source

the study of how historians interpret and write about the past

historiography

racist film promoting Lost Cause ideas that helped inspire the Second KKK

the Birth of a Nation (1915)

false interpretation romanticizing the Confederacy and minimizing slavery's role in the Civil War

Lost Cause

Wilson supported ideas associated with the Lost Cause interpretation

Woodrow Wilson and Lost Cause

revived KKK that grew nationally in the 1920s amid racism and nativism

second KKK

industrialists emphasized business freedom; workers wanted economic and workplace freedom

freedom in the Gilded Age

reformers argued government should protect people from problems caused by industrial capitalism

freedom in the Progressive Era

progressives expanded some freedoms while excluding or restricting minorities and immigrants

main progressive contradiction

America fought for democracy while restricting speech and civil liberties at home

main WWI contradiction

the decade had major consumer prosperity while poverty, inequality, and debt continued

main 1920s contradiction