ECD 133 Early Childhood Mathematics: Operations, Place Value, Geometry, and Measurement

Vocabulary flashcards covering core terms, mathematical symbols, operations, manipulatives, geometry, and measurement concepts from the lecture.

Visualizer

The modern name for an overhead projector, used to project materials onto a screen for classroom viewing.

Action symbols

Mathematical symbols (such as $+$, $-$, or $\times$) showing that quantities have been or will be acted upon.

Relational symbols

Symbols such as equals ($=$), less than ($<$), or greater than ($>$) that demonstrate how quantities on either side relate to one another.

Mathematical sentence

A formal mathematical statement consisting of numerals, action symbols, and relational symbols.

Addition

The operation of putting together groups of objects to determine the total quantity or sum.

Subtraction

The operation of taking away objects to find out how many are left or comparing groups to determine the difference between them.

Multiplication

A shorthand way of adding equal groups together, where the number of groups is written first.

Factors

The applicable numbers and terms being multiplied together in a multiplication problem.

Product

The end result or total obtained from multiplying numbers together.

Division

A shorthand mathematical operation derived from subtraction that solves two types of problems: grouping and sharing.

Dividend

The number placed underneath the division symbol that is divided into groups by the divisor.

Divisor

The number that is divided into the larger number (dividend) to determine group size or quantity.

Quotient

The resulting answer to a division problem.

Remainder

The amount left over when a divisor does not divide equally into the dividend.

AB pattern

A repeating sequence formed by switching back and forth between two distinct attributes.

ABC pattern

A repeating sequence created by rotating through three distinct attributes.

Renaming

A mathematical procedure occurring after items are added or taken away through regrouping, such as converting $10$ units into the tens place.

Cuisenaire rods

Colored rods measuring from $1$ to $10$ units in length, used to teach addition, subtraction, place value, and equivalency.

Congruency

A geometric property where two or more objects or figures are identical in both shape and size.

Geoboards

Pegged boards used with rubber bands to study geometric shapes, solid characteristics, and symmetry.

Symmetry

A geometric characteristic where an object or figure is identical or equal on both sides of a dividing center line.

Arbitrary unit

A nonstandard object (such as a popsicle stick or paperclip) used to measure length or distance instead of a standardized tool.

Spring scale

A scale commonly found in grocery produce sections that measures items by weight or pounds.