Renaissance and Reformation

1. The Renaissance was the rebirth of art and learning from what ancient culture?

classical (Greek and Roman)

2. How did the Crusades lead to the Renaissance in Europe?

When crusaders traveled to the holy land, they brought back learning from the East.

3. Renaissance artist were inspired from the artwork of which era?

ancient Greek and Roman art

5. How did trade on the Silk Road help to cause the Renaissance?

Italian cities on the trade routes to the East became wealthy.

6. Why were bankers more important during the Renaissance?

Instead of bartering (trading), people began to buy goods with (Florins) money.

7. Why did craftspeople became more important during the Renaissance?

Merchants traded their goods all over Europe therefore making craftspeople more important.

8. Who would have had extra money to hire a painter to make the churches/towns more beautiful?

a patron

9. What is a major reason why the Renaissance began in northern and central Italy?

City-states there became wealthy and had more money to spend on art and learning.

10. Independent republics in Italy were governed by elected councils. Who often held the most power in those republics?

rich merchants

11. What geographic factor contributed most to Italy's economic success?

its location

12. How did wealthy Italian families encourage learning?

They established universities.

13. What is humanism?

Renaissance cultural movement that turned away from medieval scholasticism and revived interest in ancient Greek and Roman thought. It focused on the worth of the individual

14. Literature is the main study of what subject?

the humanities

15. What methods did humanist scholars teach as a way to learn about the world?

Observe and experiment

16. What was valued most by a Renaissance thinker who emphasized individualism?

a person's achievements

1.Why is florence often called the "cradle of renaissance"?

The culture of the Renaissance was centered there.

3.During the renaissance, florence was the European center for what?

banking

4.What geographical feature helped florence become a trade center?

the Arno River

5.What was the relation between the industries of florence and its culture?

Wealthy patrons sponsored many artists.

8.What was an important advance by renaissance painters such as Botticelli?

creating an appearance of depth

9. How are Donatello's and Michelangelo's statues of David similar to medieval sculpture?

They show a figure from the Bible.

10. What important change made literature more popular during the Renaissance than it had been before?

Writers wrote in their own languages.

11. In addition to his painting, Leonardo da Vinci made advances in science, mathematics, and engineering. What did he do before anyone else?

drew maps as if seen from above

13. What powerful family controlled Florence for almost 300 years?

Medici

1. How did Renaissance humanists contribute to the weakening of the Roman Catholic Church?

They questioned accepted beliefs.

2. The practice of selling indulgences troubled many Catholics because the practice made it seem that

people could buy forgiveness for sins

3. How could someone commit simony?

by paying money to be the priest of a large parish

4. What claim by the Catholic Church was a problem for monarchs?

Priests did not have to obey the king.

5. When there was two popes, where were they located?

France and Rome.

6. How did the Great Schism weaken the Catholic Church?

It reduced respect for the papacy (the office of the pope)

7. What did an early Church reformer want to do?

purify/reorganize the Church.

8. What did John Wycliffe and several other reformers believe was the source of religious authority? Where did they believe the church's rule should come from?

the Bible

9. Jan Hus wanted worship to be in the language of the people. What teaching of the Catholic Church did this oppose?

The mass should be in Latin.

10. Catherine of Siena helped prepare Europe for the Reformation by

showing that one can have a personal experience of God

11. What did the first Protestants protest against?

corruption/dishonest conduct in the Catholic Church

12. How did Martin Luther believe that people could gain salvation?

by having faith

13. What famous document did Martin Luther nail to a church door?

95 theses, a list of arguments against abuses by the Church

15. How did the printing press contribute to the Reformation?

It spread new ideas and translations of the Bible. Before this was invented, everything was handwritten and there weren't as many copies of books. With this invention, many copies could be made and circulated to spread ideas in books/pamphlets.

1. How were Lutheran religious services different from those of Catholics?

prayers were in German (language of the people) instead of Latin (which the Germans memorized but did not understand)

2. Why did Luther agree with Catholics that baptism was a sacrament?

It was mentioned in the Bible.

3. How was the life of Lutheran ministers different from that of Roman Catholic priests?

They could get married Catholic priests could not.

4. What type of church in 1600 had plain wood panels and walls, no paintings or statues, no stained glass windows?

Calvinist

5. Who did Calvin believe should govern a state?

religious leaders (theocracy)

6. What is one reason why King Henry VIII started the Church of England?

He did not want to share power with Catholic leaders.

9. What was one goal of the Council of Trent?

to correct abuses in the Catholic Church

11. What group of Europeans helped return people to the Catholic Church?

Jesuits.

15. How did the Reformation strengthen the power of monarchy?

Rulers became more independent of the pope.

16. How did the Reformation encourage ideas of democracy?

Some local religious groups elected their own leaders.