MCE 2_Study Guide_Dep - Stims.docx

What are the major types of CNS depressants mentioned in the study guide?

Bromides, Barbiturates, and Benzodiazepines.

What is a distinguishing characteristic of CNS depressants?

They produce sedative, hypnotic, anesthetic, and synergistic effects.

What are some concerns with prolonged use of benzodiazepines?

High number of prescriptions, potential for addiction, and often users are addicted to at least two other substances.

What is Fetal Alcohol Syndrome?

A condition resulting from alcohol consumption during pregnancy, leading to developmental issues in the child.

How is alcohol metabolism impacted by gender?

Women reach higher Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) faster due to lower water content in their bodies.

What percentage of the U.S. population uses prescription opioids nonmedically?

5%.

What is the primary medical use of narcotics?

Pain relief.

What are the short-term effects of low doses of alcohol?

Disinhibition, unpredictable behavior, and impaired motor activity.

What is the relationship between alcohol use and crime?

There is a strong link between violent crime and alcohol use.

What impact does binge drinking have on health?

Increased risk for tolerance, dependence, and various health issues.

What medical treatments are used for alcoholism?

Detoxification, medication-assisted treatment, and psychological support.

What impact does polydrug use have on alcohol users?

68% of alcoholics in treatment report using other drugs recently.

What are the risks associated with mixing opioids and CNS depressants?

Severe CNS depression, slowed breathing, and risk of death.

What evidence indicates a rise in opioid use in America?

There were three waves of rising opioid deaths linked to prescriptions, heroin use, and synthetic opioids.

What is naloxone used for in opioid treatment?

To reverse overdose effects.

What is the significance of the Speedball effect?

It's a combination of narcotics and stimulants that intensifies euphoria and cancels negative effects.

What demographic trends are observed in alcohol consumption?

Men binge drink more than women, and young adults face a delay in adulthood.

What role does advertising play in alcohol use perception?

It promotes alcohol as safe and socially acceptable.

What characteristics define 'dry' cultures compared to 'wet' cultures?

Dry cultures, like the US, have less common alcohol use and promote abstinence, while wet cultures have alcohol integrated into routine life.

How does emotional state influence alcohol consumption?

It can affect BAC and risk-taking behaviors.

What are the psychological aspects of alcohol dependency?

Denial, codependency, and emotional fragility.

What types of alcoholic behaviors are identified by Moss et al. (2007)?

Young adult, functional, intermediate familial, young antisocial, and chronic severe.

What is the primary reason for the opioid crisis according to the study?

Prescriptions being overused and marketed excessively for chronic pain.

What trends have been observed in heroin use recently?

The number of heroin users has doubled, with increased accessibility and availability.

What are the dangers of mixing alcohol with narcotics?

It increases the risk of overdose, impaired breathing, and severe health consequences.

What are common methods for treating narcotic addiction?

Reduce prescriptions, medication-assisted treatment, and harm reduction strategies.