Linking Words for Texts

Vocabulary practice flashcards covering English linking words and transitional phrases, their German translations, contextual example sentences, and punctuation rules from Gottlieb-Daimler-Schule 1.

Since

A linking word meaning "da, weil" in German (e.g., "Since I am very interest in cars, I would like…").

However

A linking word meaning "jedoch" in German (e.g., "It is, however, very hard to get a job there.").

Nevertheless

A linking word meaning "dennoch, trotzdem" in German (e.g., "Nevertheless, I will try applying.").

Although

A linking word meaning "obwohl" in German (e.g., "Although I work hard, I do not earn much.").

Even though

A linking phrase meaning "obwohl" in German (e.g., "Even though I work hard, I do not earn much.").

First

A sequential linking word meaning "zuerst einmal" in German (e.g., "First, he goes to school.").

Next

A sequential linking word meaning "als Nächstes" in German (e.g., "Next, he makes some coffee.").

Secondly

A sequential linking word meaning "zweitens" in German (e.g., "Secondly, he makes some coffee.").

Then

A sequential linking word meaning "dann" in German (e.g., "Then he talks to his classmates.").

Finally

A sequential linking word meaning "schließlich" in German (e.g., "Finally, the lesson starts.").

Due to

A causal linking phrase meaning "wegen" in German (e.g., "Due to higher costs, the company has increased its prices.").

Not only…but also

A correlative linking expression meaning "nicht nur…sondern auch…" in German (e.g., "The company does not only produce robots, but also sells them online.").

This is why

A linking phrase expressing result or consequence, meaning "darum" in German (e.g., "The company has many new customers; this is why it needs more employees.").

Therefore

A transitional linking word expressing consequence, meaning "deshalb" in German (e.g., "The firm wants to grow; therefore, it is opening a branch in another city.").

Also

An additive linking word meaning "also" in German (e.g., "The company also offers free training for its employees.").

Furthermore

An additive linking word meaning "außerdem" in German (e.g., "Furthermore, the firm plans to develop new products.").

Moreover

An additive linking word meaning "darüber hinaus" in German (e.g., "Moreover, the company works with partners in other countries.").

In addition to that

An additive linking phrase meaning "darüber hinaus" in German (e.g., "In addition to that, the firm has started a new project.").

Undoubtedly

An emphatic linking word meaning "zweifellos" in German (e.g., "Undoubtedly, a good reputation is important.").

In fact

An emphatic linking phrase meaning "in der Tat" in German (e.g., "In fact, the company has been successful for more than 20 years.").

For example

An illustrative linking phrase meaning "zum Beispiel" in German (e.g., "For example, the firm makes products for schools and offices.").

Such as

An illustrative linking phrase meaning "zum Beispiel" in German (e.g., "The company sells products such as computers and printers.").

For instance

An illustrative linking phrase meaning "zum Beispiel" in German (e.g., "For instance, the firm delivers its products to customers within two days.").

In sum

A concluding or summarizing phrase meaning "zusammenfassend" in German (e.g., "In sum, the company has made good progress this year.").

All in all

A concluding or summarizing phrase meaning "zusammenfassend" in German (e.g., "All in all, the firm is satisfied with its results.").

Comma Placement Rule for Linking Words

When linking words are positioned at the beginning of a sentence, most of them require a comma directly after them ("Bei den meisten Verbindungswörtern kommt ein Komma, wenn Sie sie an den Satzanfang stellen.").