chapter 10 geography jc rivers

source

the start of the river

course

the route that the river takes to the sea

confluence

the point where two rivers or streams meet

tributary

a stream or smaller river

mouth

the end of the river

drainage basin

the area of land drained by the river

watershed

the areas of high land that separates two drainage basins

estuary

the part of the river that is tidal

what are the 3 main stages of a river

youthful

mature

old

what is another name for the youthful stage?

upper

what is another name for the mature stage?

middle

what is another name for the old stage?

lower

erosion

the water wears the landscape away

transportation

the river carried the material that it has eroded

deposition

the river drops the eroded material it has carried

hydraulic action

the physical force of the moving water wears down and breaks off the rock and soil from the banks and the beds of the river

abrasion

small stones carried by the river wear away the banks and bed of the river

attrition

the small rocks of the river are worn down and broken up as they hit off each other

solution

rocks such as limestone and soil are dissolved by acids in the water

true or false the mature stage is where its the steepest

false

what is the stage where the river is the steepest it can be

youthful stage (upper)

what are the two stages where erosion is most prominent?

the youthful stage and mature stage

what is the stage where deposition is most prominent?

the old stage

what is the slowest stage?

the old stage

what is the fastest stage?

the youthful stage

what is the landform tied to this diagram

waterfall

the larger rocks get rolled along the bed of the river this is called

rolling/traction

the smaller pebbles are bounced on the river bank this is called

bouncing/saltation

suspension lighter materials such as salt flat along in the water this is called

suspension

some materials dissolve in the water this is called

solution

list all the reasons why a river might deposit its load

reduction in rivers speed

increase in load size

reduction in volume

when gradient levels off

what are the landforms in the youthful stage

v shaped valley

interlocking spurs

waterfalls

what are the landforms in the mature stage

meanders oxbow lakes

what is a meander

a bend or curve in the rivers course

what is an oxbow lake

a horseshoe shaped lake

landforms in the old stage

flood plain

levees

deltas

what is a levees

a levee is a build up of alluvium on the rivers bank

list the 8 ways that people interact with rivers

transport

tourism

fishing

settlement

pollution

HEP

domestic water supply

flooding

how tall is the three gorges dam

185 m tall

How wide is the Three Gorges Dam

2300 m wide

what do dams help with

they help by slowing or blocking the flow of water