mu 4 review questions nb 12, 13, 14

What were the three G’s that inspired Europeans to explore?

gold, glory, god

In terms of early expansion, the Portuguese focused more on…? and where

trading posts in african coasts and south/east asia

In terms of early expansion, the Spanish focused more on…? and where

colonies in americas, caribbean, and pacific

An agreement that divided the newly claimed land in the Americas between Spain and Portugal to avoid war, negotiated by the Pope

treaty of tordesillas

Refinements that allowed for better and more reliable transport and travel

Lateen sails, stern-post rudder, caravel

Innovations that improved navigation

Compass, astrolabe, portolan maps

Innovations that funded expeditions and colonies

Royal patronage, joint-stock company

The Columbian Exchange brought these from the New World to the Old World

Tomatoes, potatoes, corn, tobacco, turkey, syphilis

The Columbian Exchange brought these from the Old World to the New World

Cattle, horses, pigs, smallpox, measles, rice, wheat 

The Columbian Exchange’s impacts on the Old World

Population growth, wealth, shift in economic power

The Columbian Exchange’s impacts on the New World

Massive death, oppression, and forced conversion to Christianity

These five countries dominated world trade for the next few centuries after discovery of the Americas

Spain, Portugal, England, France, the Netherlands

The goals of mercantilism

Increase exports, decrease imports, disrupt trade of competing states

A European monk who opposed the brutal treatment of natives and was a critic of the Spanish encomienda system

Bartolome de las Casas

Connected trade of manufactured goods from Europe to Africa for slaves, then to the Americas for raw materials, and back to Europe for manufactured goods.

Triangular Trade

The route from Africa to the Americas that carried slaves for the Atlantic Slave Trade

The Middle Passage

A drastic increase in goods, money supply, and prices as a result of the influx of New World silver and goods in Europe

The Price Revolution

The closing off of land by lords from the peasants in order to commercialize farming

enclosure movement

Commercialization in Europe was the profiting of landowners by

harvesting and selling of crops

Europe adopted these economic ideas from Italy

Printed money

Banks

Loans

credit

An English rebellion in 1549 that formed in opposition to the closing off of Common Land

kett’s rebellion

Two examples of charter companies that formed as a result of mercantilism

British East India Company

Dutch East India Company

Even though some peasants began moving to cities, during the 16th and 17th centuries this was the dominant economic form

peasant agriculture

Almost no commercialization occurred in this regions in the 16th and 17th centuries

eastern europe

As a result of little commercialization in Eastern Europe, land-based nobles

held the majority of power, and prevented eastern europe from growing economically

The urban gentry reached their status through…

Commercialization or trade

English King Charles I called Parliament for new taxes in 1642 because

war with scotland and personal spending

Parliament’s two houses

house of commons and house of lords

Which house passed a law to make Parliament a permanent entity?

house of commons

What’s the correct order of events?

c,b,a,d,e

After the rise of the urban gentry, The Netherlands set up this type of government

Republican oligarchy

The French aristocrats who made up the Second Estate

nobles of the robe