Government test 10/14

:)

Direct democracy

People vote directly on laws.

Republic

People elect leaders to make laws.

Magna Carta

Document that limited the king’s power and protected rights.

Parliament

made laws

Bill of Rights

protected people’s rights.

John Locke

natural rights

Montesquieu

three separate branches in government.

1st Continental Congress

Colonies met to respond to British actions.

2nd Continental Congress

Colonies met to manage the war and declare independence.

Thomas Paine’s Common Sense

Pamphlet that encouraged independence from Britain.

Declaration of Independence

Declared colonies free from Britain.

Articles of Confederation

America’s first government; gave more power to states.

Federalists vs. Anti-Federalists

Federalists supported the Constitution; Anti-Federalists opposed it.

CT Compromise

House based on population; Senate has 2 from each state.

3/5ths Compromise

enslaved people counted as 3/5ths of a person.

Commerce & Slave Trade Compromise

Congress could control trade but couldn’t ban the slave trade for 20 years.

Preamble

Introduction to the Constitution; explains its purpose.

Article 1

Legislative branch; makes laws.

Article 2

Executive branch; enforces laws.

Article 3

Judicial branch; interprets laws.

Separation of powers

Government power is divided into 3 branches.

Checks and balances

Each branch can limit the others.

Federalism

Power is shared between national and state governments.

Popular sovereignty

Government power comes from the people.

Judicial review

Courts can decide if laws are constitutional.

1st Bill of Rights

Freedom of religion, speech, press, petition, and assembly.

Amendment process

2/3 of Congress proposes it; 3/4 of states approve it.