PSYC 335 THEORIES OF GAMBLING (LECTURE 17-18)

MZ twins

share 100% of genes

DZ twins

share 50% of genes

PG heritability

49.2%

PG heritability is higher in men than women. t/f?

false

PG genetic risk overlaps with alcohol addiction. t/f?

true

environmental risk factors for gambling

• exposure of parental gambling in childhood/adolescence

• childhood adversity

parental gambling problems predict child gambling problems. t/f?

true

childhood adversity

maltreatment, physical and sexual abuse

3 superfactors in multidimensional personality questionnarie

negative emotionality, positive emotionality, constraint

what predicts risk for later alcohol problems?

low constraint, high neuroticism

what predicts problem gambling?

negative emotionality, low constraint

what predicts addictive outcomes?

low constraint and high impulsivity

money vs sxual images study

heterosexual men with gambling disorder showed an imbalance between the 2 reward types

people with gambling disorder reacted faster to monetary rewards. t/f?

false

people with gambling disorder had greater activation in the striatum for erotic cues. t/f?

false

why could people with gambling disorder have an imbalance in reward types?

reward deficient across the board initially, but hyperlearning → increased reactivity to monetary reward

there are group level differences between controls and gamblers in D2 binding in the striatum. t/f?

false

dopamine PET study results

• no group level differences in D2 in striatum

• complete separation in impulsivity score between 2 groups

  • problem gamblers are highly impulsive

  • more impulsive gamblers have lower levels of dopamine receptors

PET and dopamine release

PG show increased DA release

gambling disorder and craving

increased craving ratings overall and especially after blocks of gambling images compared to neutral/food

people with gambling disorder have higher cue reactivity. t/f?

true

which areas of the brain respond more to gambling vs neutral images?

insula, medial PFC

in which areas of the brain is higher reactivity to gambling images correlated with higher craving ratings?

insula

smokers who suffer a store to the insula will have an even stronger addiction. t/f?

false