Unit 2B: Catheters and Fluid Therapy

List 4 reasons for placing iv catheters

1. Fluid administration

2. Drug administration

3. Rapid iv access in emergencies

4. CRI

What are the two main body fluid compartments and what % of total body fluids do they makeup

1. Extracellular Fluids (ECF)

2. Intracellular Fluids (ICF)

60%

What two compartments make up the ECF, and what % of total body fluids does the ECF makeup?

Intravascular Compartment (5%)

Interstitial Compartment (15%)

ECF= 20%

What % of total body fluids does the ICF makeup?

ICF= 40%

Plasma is what % of body weight?

5%

(the fluid that suspends the cells)

What is the blood volume in dogs and large animals?

8-9% of BW

What is the blood volume in cats?

6-7% of BW

What equation do we use to calculate blood volume in dogs and large animals

90ml/kg lean BW

what equation do we use to calculate blood volume in cats?

60ml/kg lean body weight

What charge do cations have?

positive (+)

What charge do anions have?

negative (-)

What functions do electrolytes have on the body? (3)

essential for…

• heart contraction

• clotting

• neuromuscular function

what is the function of colloids in the body?

provide oncotic pressure, transport proteins, aid in clotting

what are colloids?

large molecular weight plasma proteins

what are 3 types of solutes in body fluid

1. ions (small molecular weight and electrically charged)

2. colloids (large molecular weight plasma proteins)

3. small nonionic particles (eg: glucose)

list 4 anions (electrolytes)

• Chloride (Cl-)

• Bicarbonate (HCO3-)

• Phosphates (HPO3-)

• Proteins

List 4 cations (electrolytes)

• Sodium (Na+)

• Potassium (K+)

• Magnesium (Mg2+)

• Calcium (Ca2+)

acids and bases produce what when dissolved in water?

H+

More H+ ions in fluid = greater acidity = decreased pH. True or False?

True

what does more hydroxyl ions (OH-) do to the pH

increased pH and more alkaline

pure water has a pH of what?

7.0

what pH does the body maintain homeostasis between?

7.35-7.45

what 3 values does arterial blood gas give you on bloodwork?

pC02, HCO3, pH

what does the value CO2 indicate?

what does the value HCO3 indicate?

CO2= respiratory (lungs)

HCO3= metabolic (kidneys)

what fluid compartment does albumin stay in?

the intravascular fluid compartment (in blood vessels)

what fluid compartment does K+, Mg2+, protein, and phosphate live in?

Intracellular

what fluid compartment do Na+, Cl-, and HCO3- live in?

Extracellular

what is the main protein solute that creates osmotic pressure in blood vessels?

albumin

(is a large molecule therefore stays in intravascular space)

T or F: small solutes (ions) pass freely in/out of intravascular space from the interstitial space

True

why are colloids not able to pass freely through the vascular endothelium?

they are too large

True or False: some electrolytes at too high of a concentration in the wrong location can be life threatening

true

what is hypovolemia

decrease in intravascular volume

what is dehydration

decrease in fluids in the interstitial and intracellular space

what are the most common type of fluids used in vet med

crystalloids (eg: LRS)

how much of crystalloids will stay in the intravascular space

1/3

where do iv crystalloids move to once they leave the intravascular space?

intracellular space —> interstitial space

what are the 3 main types of crystalloids?

• hypertonic

• isotonic

• hypotonic

what is the most common type of crystalloid to be used in critical care/emergency

Hypertonic crystalloids

hypertonic solutions draw fluid into which fluid compartment

intravascular

when giving a patient a hypertonic crystalloid; we must make sure they are not hypernatremic. Why is this?

hypertonic crystalloids have a high sodium content. this is how they draw fluid into the intravascular space

why should we not use hypertonic crystalloids in dehydrated patients

because it PULLS water OUT of cells

Which electrolytes does an isotonic crystalloid contain (EG: LRS)

Na+, Cl-, K+, Mg

When would we use 0.9% NaCl (isotonic crystalloids)

• flushing iv cath

• flushing body cavities

what are hypotonic crystalloids

products with lower concentration of solutes

name an example of a hypotonic crystalloid

5% dextrose

what are hypotonic crystalloids (eg: 5% dextrose) used for?

supporting BG levels or for free water deficits

• neonates

• hypoglycemic

• hypernatremia

• diabetics

what compartment does the majority of colloid fluids stay in

intravascular space

are colloids smaller or larger molecules than crystalloids?

larger