geography Unit 4: Europe

Eurasia

a combined landmass of Europe and Asia

Norway, Sweden, Finland, Denmark, and Iceland

Northern Europe countries

Scandinavia

Norway, Denmark, and Sweden

Nordic

the culture and geography of North Europe

Scandinavian Peninsula

the peninsula that Norway and Sweden are located on

Jutland Peninsula

includes most of Denmark and some of Germany

Iceland

Europe’s second-largest island and is in the north atlantic

Fjords

long, narrow inlets of the sea with steep rocky banks

Scandinavian Mountains

streches the length of the peninsula between Sweden and Norway

glaciers

large, slow-moving masses of ice

eskers

sand and gravel that has been deposited by melting glaciers into long, winding ridges

Salpapausselka ridges

spans over southern Finland

Bogs

areas of soft, naturally waterlogged ground

Baltic Sea

seperates the Scandinavian peninsula from the rest of mainland Europe

Oslo

Normway’s capital

copenhagen

Denmark’s capital

Stockholm

Sweden’s capital

Lake Vanern

the largest lake in the region and one of the largest Europe

drift ice

floating sea ice or glacial ice driven by ocean currents or wind

Aurora Borealis

a phenomenon when atmospheric winds and gasses like oxygen collide and are most commonly seen in winter

Land of the Midnight Sun

parts of Scandinavia is called this for the fact that in the summer they have verry little time of darkness

arable

land that is good for growing crops

Sami

some of the most well-known descendants of these hunter-gatherers

Vikings

powerful Scandinavian chieftains united groups of farmers to conduct coastal raids

emigration

leaving one country to live in another country

democratic

the noradic countries. allowing their citizens to participate in the political process

parlimentary constitutional monarchies

the government that Denmark, Norway, and Sweden follow

parlimentary republics

the government that Iceland and Finland follow

Nordic Model

combination of free-market capitalism and a welfare system

Helsinki

Finlands primate city

Stockholm

the Vinice of the North

Lutherism

Northern Europes lead religion

Norwegian, Swedish, and Danish

the mutually inteligable languages of Northern Europe

English

the commonly spoken language in Northern Europe

clinker boats

boats made by bending wet planks of wood and layering them and using wooden spikes to fill the holes. the vikings made their boats off of this design

regatta

boat race or series of boat races using clinker boats

Roald Amundsen

the first man to ever reach both the North and South Poles

fabod

summer farms in Sweden

seter

summer farms in Norway

cattle-calls

vocal signals to attract or direct animals

hygge

conveys a sense of contentment and well-being and is often associated with a feeling of coziness. most known in Denver

aging population

population where the proportions of people aged 65 or older increases faster than the rate of younger groups of people

fertility rate

average number of births per women

universalism

principle that guarantees every person- regardless of income, citizinship, or employment status- has access to certain services

London

United Kingdom’s capital

Amsterdam

the Netherland’s capital

Berlin

Germany’s capital

Paris

France’s capital

Brussels

Belgum’s capital

Vienna

Austria’s capital

British Isles

a group of islands in the Atlantic Ocean Northwest of France

Great Brittian and Ireland

the two largest islands in the British Isles

Luxembourg

the main city used for thraid and the starting point of most of the forms of transpertation because it borders so many countries

English Channel

seperates Great Britian from France

European plain

a vast lowland area that sits between the Pyrenees and the Ural mountains

Pyrenees

the mountain range that runs along the border between france and spain

alps

the mountain range that spans from Monoco to Eastern Europe

Mont Blanc

the highest peak in the Alps

Rhine River

begins in the alps and empties to the North Sea

Danude River

the second-longest River in Europe

land reclamation

process of transforming unusable land-typically very dry or under shallow water-into usable land

dikes

rock and earthen walls

Giant’s Causeway

huge pillars of stone on the coast of Scottland

peat

renewable fuel that is made from decaying plants in wetlands; sometimes considered a fossil fuel

polders

the low-lying lands reclaimed by the Dutch