Chem test 3 defintions

Thermodynamics

the study of energy and its transformations

The First Law of Thermodynamics

energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed or transferred from one form to another

Enthalpy

The total energy of a system, At constant pressure, the change in enthalpy equals the heat absorbed or released by the system.

Calorimetry

The experimental measurement of heat transferred between a system and its surroundings by measuring the temperature change.

Hess’s Law

states that the total enthalpy change of a reaction is the same whether the reaction happens in one step or several steps.

Kinetic Molecular Theory

explains the behavior of gases by describing how gas particles move and interact.

Boyle’s law

the pressure of a gas is inversely proportional to its volume when temperature and the amount of gas remain constant.

charles law

the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature when pressure and the amount of gas remain constant.

avogardo’s law

the volume of a gas is directly proportional to the number of moles of gas when temperature and pressure remain constant.

high pressure & low temperatures

experimental conditions under which gases deviate from ideal behavior?

gas molecules attract one another & gas moleculues have finite volumes

why the gases deviate from ideal behavior?

endothermic

absorbs heat from its surroundings.

exothermic

releases heat from its surroundings.

state function

a property that depends only on the initial and final states of a system, NOT on the path taken to get there.

Kinetic-Molecular Theory (KMT)

explains the behavior of ideal gases based on how gas particles move and interact.