anatomy cells & tissues test review

what type of tissue is this?

Epithelial Tissue/Cells 

what type of tissue is this

Muscle Tissue/Cells 

what type of cell is this

sperm cells

what type of cell is this

red blood cells

what type of tissue is this

Nerve Tissue/Neuron

what is the dark purple region called in a human cell

nucleus

what is the yellow region called in a human cell

nucleolus

what is this region called in a human cell

mitochondria

what is the loose lines in the middle called in a human cell

chromatin

what is this called in a human cell

rough endoplasmic reticulum

what is this region called in a human cell

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

what is this region called in a human cell

golgi apparatus (body)

what is the outer region called in a human cell

cell membrane

what is the jelly fluid in the middle called in a human cell

cytoplasm

what is this region called in a human cell

lysosome

what are the tiny dots called in a human cell

ribosomes

what is the function of the nucleus

center in genetic activity of the cell, has the chromatin, chromosomes and nucleolus

what is the function of the nucleolus

to produce ribosomes in the nucleoplasm

what is the function of the mitochondria

“power house of cell” where ATP is produced

what is the chromatin

loose combination of DNA and proteins in their uncoiled state

what is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum

has ribosomes attached (does protein synthesis)

what is the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum

has no ribosomes, lipid and steroid hormone synthesis

what is the function of the golgi apparatus

responsible for packaging and exporting proteins

what is the function of the cell membrane

composed of phospholipids/proteins, determines what passes through the cell interior

what is the function of cytoplasm

distributes materials, metabolic activities take place (enzymes)

what is the function of lysosomes

store digestive enzymes to break down large molecules into smaller ones

what is the function of ribosomes

“workbenches” of the cell, proteins are made from amino acids

Where is DNA found in the two different cells?

In the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell

In the cytoplasm (nucleoid) of a prokaryotic cell

What is the difference between chromatin and chromosomes?

chromatin is DNA wrapped around proteins in a loose, uncoiled form

chromosomes is chromatin that has become tightly coiled and condensed, tightly packed DNA

What does hydrophobic mean?

water fearing, doesnt mix well with water

What does hydrophilic mean?

water loving, mixes/attracted to water

What part of the cell is composed of this phospholipid bilayer?

the cell membrane

what is hypertonic

when the solute is a greater percentage than the cell, cell will shrink

what is hypotonic

when the solute is a lesser percentage than the cell, cell will get bigger

what is isotonic

when the solute is the same percentage as the cell, cell will stay the same

What is the longest human cell?

sciatic nerve cell

Widest is diameter? (cell)

fertilized ovam

Lives a long time (forever)? (cell)

stem cells, immune cells, neuron cells, oocytes cells

Short life span? (cell)

sperm cells, skin cells, gastric cells, epithelial cells

What is PASSIVE transport? Name and define 3 examples of passive transport. Give an example of a substance that either enters or exits the cell for each type.

passive transport- the movement of substances across the cell membrane without using ATP, move from high → low concentration

3 ex: Simple diffusion: small non-polar molecules move directly through phospholipid bilayer (high→low) (ex: oxygen/lipids enters the cell)

Facilitated diffusion: polar molecules move from high→low concentration through transport proteins in the cell membrane (ex: glucose enters cell through transport proteins)

Osmosis: movement of water across cell membrane from high→low water concentration (ex: water enters cell)

What is ACTIVE transport? Name and define 3 examples of active transport. Give an example of a substance that either enters or exits the cell for each type.

active transport- the movement of substances across the cell membrane USING ATP (either a protein solute pump, ex: sodium/potassium pump) or vesicle formation (bulk transport, into/out of cell)) from low→high concentration

3 ex: exocytosis: cells uses vesicles to move substances out of cell (ex: cell releases muscous/waste)

endocytosis: cell uses its membrane to bring large substances into cell (ex: cell takes in large particle/nutrients, phagocytosis)

protein pumps: uses ATP to move substances against the concentration gradient (ex: sodium is pumped out of cell)

What are the 4 tissue types?

epithelial tissue, connective tissue, nervous tissue, muscle tissue

What is the basic structure of each tissue type

Epithelial tissue- tightly packed cells in sheets/layers

Connective tissue- cells spread out in a matrix

Muscle tissue- long cells/fibers that can contract (multi-nucleated)

Nervous tissue- neurons & supporting cells (irregular shapes)

What is the function of each tissue type?

epithelial tissue- covers & protects surfaces, absorbs & secretes

connective tissue- supports, connects, protects

muscle tissue- produces movement in body

nervous tissue- sends and receives electrical signals

Give an example of where each tissue type may be found in the body.

Epithelial tissue- skin

Connective tissue- bones

Muscle tissue- blood, glands, organs

Nervous tissue- brain, spinal cord, receptors