English tenses 6 - Conditionals

Zero conditional форма

If + Present Simple, Present Simple.

Когда Zero?

всегда правда: факты, правила, привычки.

If you heat ice, it melts.

heat / melts. Наука и факты = Zero.

If I don't sleep, I feel bad.

don't sleep / feel. Личная регулярная правда тоже Zero.

Zero: If she _____ late, the boss _____ angry. (be / get)

is / gets.

First conditional форма

If + Present Simple, will + глагол.

Когда First?

реальное будущее. Шанс есть.

If it rains, I will stay home.

rains / will stay. Не if it will rain.

If I find a chair, I will buy it.

find / will buy.

If she is late, we will start without her.

is / will start.

First: If you _____ me, I _____ you the link. (text / send)

text / will send.

После if в First какое время?

Present Simple. If I see him, I will call. Не If I will see.

unless значит

if not.

I won't go unless he calls.

unless he calls = if he doesn't call.

If vs when

if = может быть. when = точно будет.

When I get home, I will text you.

get / will text. После when тоже Present Simple.

as soon as значит

как только.

As soon as I find it, I will tell you.

find / will tell.

if + can в First

If I can come, I will come.

Second conditional форма

If + Past Simple, would + глагол.

Когда Second?

сейчас неправда или мало шансов.

If I had money, I would buy a chair.

had / would buy. Сейчас денег нет.

If I were you, I would use Knowt.

were / would use. If I were you — так и говорят, не was.

If he practiced more, he would speak faster.

practiced / would speak.

Second: If I _____ English better, I _____ a better job. (speak / get)

spoke / would get.

can в Second становится

could. If I could help, I would help.

would после if — ошибка

If I had money, I would buy. Не If I would have money.

First или Second: If I find a cheap chair, I will buy it.

First. Реально ищу.

First или Second: If I found a cheap chair, I would buy it.

Second. Скорее фантазия.

Third conditional форма

If + Past Perfect, would have + V3.

Когда Third?

прошлое. Не случилось.

If I had seen the post, I would have texted you.

had seen / would have texted.

If she had come earlier, she would have found the chair.

had come / would have found.

Third: If I _____ harder, I _____ the test. (study / pass)

had studied / would have passed.

Форма would have

would have + V3. would have bought, would have seen, would have gone.

if в Third

had + V3. If I had known. Не If I would have known.

Mixed 1 идея

условие в прошлом → результат сейчас.

Mixed 1 форма

If + Past Perfect, would + глагол.

If I had learned English earlier, I would speak better now.

had learned / would speak.

If she had found a chair yesterday, she would be happy now.

had found / would be.

Mixed 1: If I _____ that job last year, I _____ rich now. (take / be)

had taken / would be.

Mixed 2 идея

условие сейчас → результат в прошлом.

Mixed 2 форма

If + Past Simple, would have + V3.

If I had more money, I would have bought that chair.

had / would have bought.

If I spoke English well, I would have got that job.

spoke / would have got.

Mixed 2: If he _____ so busy, he _____ to the meeting. (not be / come)

weren't / would have come.

Second vs Mixed 1

Second: If I had money now, I would buy it now. Mixed 1: If I had earned money then, I would be fine now.

Third vs Mixed 1

Third: then → then. Mixed 1: then → now.

Third vs Mixed 2

Third: прошлое → прошлое. Mixed 2: сейчас → прошлое.

Какой брать в жизни чаще?

First и Second каждый день. Third иногда. Mixed реже.

Быстрый выбор

реальное завтра = First. Неправда сейчас = Second. Не случилось вчера = Third. Вчера сломало сегодня = Mixed 1.

Типичная ошибка 1

If it will rain, I will stay. Надо: If it rains, I will stay.

Типичная ошибка 2

If I would be you. Надо: If I were you.

Типичная ошибка 3

If I would have known. Надо: If I had known.

If you heat ice, it melts.

Zero. Факт.

If I don't sleep, I feel bad.

Zero. Личная регулярная правда.

If it rains, I will stay home.

First. Реальное будущее.

If I find a chair, I will buy it.

First. Не if I will find.

If she is late, we will start without her.

First.

If you text me, I will send the link.

First.

После if в First

Present Simple. If I see him, I will call.

unless = if not

I won't go unless he calls.

When I get home, I will text you.

when = точно будет. После when тоже Present.

As soon as I find it, I will tell you.

as soon as = как только.

If I had money, I would buy a chair.

Second. Сейчас нет денег.

If I were you, I would use Knowt.

were, не was. Устойчиво.

If he practiced more, he would speak faster.

Second.

If I spoke English better, I would get a better job.

Second.

can в Second

could. If I could help, I would help.

If it will rain — ошибка

If it rains, I will stay.

If I would have money — ошибка

If I had money, I would buy.

If I find a cheap chair, I will buy it.

First. Реально ищу.

If I found a cheap chair, I would buy it.

Second. Скорее фантазия.

If I had seen the post, I would have texted you.

Third. Вчера не увидел.

If she had come earlier, she would have found the chair.

Third.

If I had studied harder, I would have passed.

Third.

If I would have known — ошибка

If I had known.

would have + V3

would have bought / seen / gone.

If I had learned English earlier, I would speak better now.

Mixed 1. Прошлое → сейчас.

If she had found a chair yesterday, she would be happy now.

Mixed 1.

If I had taken that job last year, I would be rich now.

Mixed 1.

If I had more money, I would have bought that chair.

Mixed 2. Сейчас → вчера.

If I spoke English well, I would have got that job.

Mixed 2.

If he weren't so busy, he would have come.

Mixed 2.

Second vs Mixed 1

Second: сейчас → сейчас. Mixed 1: вчера → сейчас.

Third vs Mixed 1

Third: вчера → вчера. Mixed 1: вчера → сейчас.

Third vs Mixed 2

Third: вчера → вчера. Mixed 2: сейчас → вчера.

If I _____ time tomorrow, I _____ you. (have / call)

have / will call. First.

If she _____ now, she _____ late. (not leave / be)

doesn't leave / will be. First.

If I _____ you, I _____ this set today. (be / finish)

were / would finish. Second.

If we _____ the cards earlier, we _____ now. (add / not rush)

had added / wouldn't rush. Mixed 1.

If I _____ Ultra, I _____ Kai yesterday. (have / use)

had / would have used. Mixed 2.

I _____ go out if it _____. (not / rain)

won't / rains. First.

What _____ you do if you _____ a cheap chair? (find)

would / found. Second.

What _____ you do if it _____ tomorrow? (rain)

will / rains. First.

If I _____ his number, I _____ him last night. (have / call)

had / would have called. Mixed 2 / Third рядом.

People get better if they _____ every day. (practice)

practice. Zero.

If you _____ the water, it _____. (not touch / not boil)

don't touch / doesn't boil. Zero, оба Simple.