TExES Core Subjects EC-6 (391) Flashcards

Question-and-answer study guide flashcards covering ELAR, Mathematics, Social Studies, Science, Fine Arts, Health, Physical Education, and Teacher Scenarios for the TExES Core Subjects EC-6 (391) exam.

What is oral language?

Using speaking and listening to communicate.

What is phonology?

The study of sounds in language.

What is semantics?

The meaning of words and sentences.

What is syntax?

The rules for putting words into sentences.

What is pragmatics?

Using language appropriately in different social situations.

What is phonics?

Connecting letters and letter patterns to sounds.

What is a prefix?

A word part added to the beginning of a word that changes its meaning.

What is a suffix?

A word part added to the end of a word that changes its meaning or form.

What is a root word?

The main word part that carries meaning.

What is morphological analysis?

Using prefixes, suffixes, and roots to understand or decode words.

What are context clues?

Hints in nearby words or sentences that help explain an unfamiliar word.

What is a homophone?

A word that sounds like another word but has a different meaning, such as their and there.

What is a homograph?

A word spelled the same as another word but with a different meaning, such as bat.

What is reading fluency?

Reading accurately, at an appropriate rate, and with expression.

What are the three main parts of fluency?

Accuracy, rate, and prosody.

What is prosody?

Reading with appropriate expression, rhythm, and phrasing.

Why is fluency important?

It helps students focus on understanding instead of struggling to read every word.

What is reading comprehension?

Understanding and making meaning from what is read.

What is literal comprehension?

Understanding information directly stated in the text.

What is inferential comprehension?

Using clues and prior knowledge to figure out information not directly stated.

What is evaluative comprehension?

Analyzing and judging ideas, arguments, or choices in a text.

What should students do before reading?

Preview the text, activate prior knowledge, set a purpose, and make predictions.

What should students do during reading?

Question, visualize, monitor understanding, and reread when confused.

What should students do after reading?

Summarize, discuss, analyze, and make connections.

What is metacognition?

Thinking about and monitoring your own thinking and learning.

What is the main idea?

The most important point a text is mostly about.

What is a theme?

The deeper message or lesson of a story.

What is a summary?

A short explanation of the most important ideas in a text.

What is explicit vocabulary instruction?

Directly teaching word meanings and how to use the words.

What is a good way to teach vocabulary?

Use context, word parts, examples, and repeated opportunities to use the word.

What is a primary source?

An original source from the time or person being studied, such as a diary or photograph.

What is a secondary source?

A source that explains or analyzes an event using other sources, such as a textbook.

What is a credible source?

A trustworthy source with accurate information and reliable evidence.

What is paraphrasing?

Restating information in your own words while keeping the original meaning.

What is plagiarism?

Using someone else's words or ideas without giving proper credit.

What are the five stages of the writing process?

Prewriting, drafting, revising, editing, and publishing.

What is prewriting?

Planning and organizing ideas before writing.

What is drafting?

Writing the first version of a text.

What is revising?

Improving ideas, organization, details, and clarity.

What is editing?

Correcting grammar, spelling, capitalization, and punctuation.

What is publishing?

Preparing and sharing a finished piece of writing.

What is the difference between revising and editing?

Revising improves the ideas; editing fixes writing mistakes.

What is formative assessment?

Assessment during learning that helps the teacher adjust instruction.

What is summative assessment?

Assessment after instruction that evaluates what students learned.

What is an independent reading level?

Text a student can read successfully with little or no help.

What is an instructional reading level?

Text a student can read with appropriate teacher support.

What is a frustration reading level?

Text that is too difficult for a student to read successfully at that time.

What should a teacher do after finding a reading error pattern?

Provide focused instruction targeting the specific skill the student needs.

What is the purpose of an exit ticket?

To quickly check student understanding and plan the next lesson.

What is the concrete-representational-abstract approach?

Teaching with real objects, then pictures or models, then numbers and symbols.

Why are manipulatives useful in math?

They help students see and understand mathematical ideas.

What is place value?

The value of a digit based on its position in a number.

What does rounding mean?

Replacing a number with a nearby number that is easier to use.

What is estimation?

Finding a reasonable approximate answer.

What is a factor?

A number that divides evenly into another number.

What is a multiple?

A number found by multiplying a given number by a whole number.

What is a prime number?

A whole number greater than $1$ with exactly two factors: $1$ and itself.

What is a composite number?

A whole number greater than $1$ with more than two factors.

What is the greatest common factor (GCF)?

The largest factor shared by two or more numbers.

What is an equivalent fraction?

A fraction that represents the same amount as another fraction.

What is $\frac{1}{2}$ as a decimal and percent?

$0.5$ and $50\%$.

What is $\frac{1}{4}$ as a decimal and percent?

$0.25$ and $25\%$.

What is $\frac{3}{4}$ as a decimal and percent?

$0.75$ and $75\%$.

How do you add fractions with unlike denominators?

Find a common denominator, add the numerators, and simplify if needed.

How do you multiply fractions?

Multiply the numerators and multiply the denominators.

How do you divide fractions?

Multiply by the reciprocal of the second fraction.

What is a ratio?

A comparison of two quantities.

What is a proportion?

An equation showing that two ratios are equal.

What is a percent?

A number out of $100$.

What is a variable?

A letter or symbol that represents a number.

What is an expression?

Numbers, symbols, or variables combined without an equal sign.

What is an equation?

A mathematical statement showing that two expressions are equal.

What is an inequality?

A mathematical statement comparing values using symbols such as greater than or less than.

What is a pattern?

A sequence that follows a rule.

What is a linear relationship?

A relationship that changes at a constant rate.

What is perimeter?

The distance around a shape.

What is area?

The amount of space inside a flat, two-dimensional shape.

What is volume?

The amount of space inside a three-dimensional object.

What is the area of a rectangle?

$\text{Length} \times \text{width}$.

What is the area of a triangle?

$\frac{1}{2} \times \text{base} \times \text{height}$.

What is the volume of a rectangular prism?

$\text{Length} \times \text{width} \times \text{height}$.

What is a right angle?

An angle measuring $90$ degrees.

What are parallel lines?

Lines in the same plane that never intersect.

What are perpendicular lines?

Lines that intersect to form right angles.

What is a translation?

A slide of a figure without turning or flipping it.

What is a rotation?

A turn of a figure around a point.

What is a reflection?

A flip of a figure across a line.

What does congruent mean?

Same shape and same size.

What is the coordinate plane?

A grid used to locate points with ordered pairs.

What is an ordered pair?

Two numbers that show a point's location, written as $(x, y)$.

What is the mean?

The sum of the values divided by the number of values.

What is the median?

The middle value when numbers are arranged in order.

What is the mode?

The value that appears most often.

What is the range?

The largest value minus the smallest value.

What is probability?

A measure of how likely an event is to happen.

How do you find simple probability?

Favorable outcomes divided by total possible outcomes.

What is a sample space?

A list or set of all possible outcomes.

What is a budget?

A plan for how money will be earned, spent, and saved.

What is gross income?

Income before deductions.

What is net income?

Income after deductions.