MICROBIAL ECOLOGY & SYMBIOSIS

partnership between organisms of different species or groups

symbiosis

microbial symbiotic association range

positive-negative relationships

can microbial symbiotic partners evolve in response to each other

yes

T or F: microbes can “partner” with another microbe, animal, or plant

true

each partner species benefits the other; negative outcomes if theyre separated

mutualism

how many bacterial species are in honeybee’s gut microbiome

nine

how does the gut microbiome benefit the honeybees

digestion and fermentation of plant cell components

how does the honeybees benefit the gut microbiome

provides substrates for catabolism for the bacteria and protective support

what happens when the gut microbiome and honeybees are separated

nutritional depravation, weight gain, and reduced fitness

an optimal cooperation where partners benefit, but can grow independently; partners are easily separated without reduction in their fitness

synergism

what type of relationship is the relationship between normal flora species

synergistic

what do the bacteria that ferment sugars we consume release?

H2 and CO2

what can use H2 and CO2 as substrates for metabolism

methanogens

what happens when methanogens gain energy

bacteria have their end products removed

when one of more partners benefit from the other; other partners are neither benefitted nor harmed

commensalism

what toxic compound is common in many wetland ecosystems

H2S

what oxidizes H2S and removes it from the environment

beggiatoa

when one or more partners benefit by harming the other

amensalism

is amensalism specific or nonspecific

nonspecific

what does nonspecific mean

the organism thats being harmed is not a specific target if the other

what do streptomyces secrete into the soil

antibacterial compounds

what do antibacterial compounds secretes from streptomyces do in the soil

kills its neighbors that might be competing for nutrients

do streptomyces grow to high or low population sizes

high

when one or more partners benefit by harming the other

parasitism

is parasitism specific or nonspecific

specific

what does specific mean

the organism that is being harmed is targeted

where are legionella found

bacterial freshwater biofilms with high amino acid content in their EPS

what prey on legionella for nutrition

amoebas

what do the legionella do when it is in the amebic cell

expresses proteins that prevent the amoeba from digesting it

what do legionella use in an amoeba to replicate

the specific amoeba cell environment