BIO OCE - Lecture 1 - Abiotic Environment
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41 Terms
what are the m for epipelagic
0-200m
what are the m for mesopelagic
200-1000m
what are the m for bathylpelagic
1000m-4000m
what are the m for abyssopelagic
4000m-6000m
what are the m for hadalpelagic
6000m-10000m
what is the littoral zone
area where land meets water
what is the sublittoral zone
area covered by water that is in the neritic zone
what is the neritic zone
shallow region of ocean above continental shelf
what is the oceanic zone
layers of the ocean that are separated by how light penetrates
is the ocean deeper or land higher
ocean deeper
what is the continental shelf
area of large change in depth from shelf break to continental rise
what is the continental rise composed of
lower rise and upper rise
what is the average surface temperature at low latitudes
25C
what is the average surface temperature at mid latitudes
10 C in winter and 15 in summer
what is the average surface temperature at high latitudes
-1.5
what is the average salinity of the ocean
35 psu
what are the main anions and cations of salt
ch, Na, sulfate, magnesium, bicarbonate, calcium, potassium
what is sigma T
where density is driven by either temperature or salinity depending on what is more important depending on the are
what is the characteristics of AAIW
the antarctic intermediate water where there is low oxygen from being spread around different areas
what is the characteristics of NADW
north atlantic deep water is young and high oxygen
what is the characteristics of AABW
antarctic bottom water is old, cold, saline, and high in Si
what is the average oxygen in the atmosphere
21%
what is the average oxygen in water
0.8%
what is the average carbon dioxide in the atmsophere
0.0426%
what is the amount of carbon dioxide in the water
0.0426% the same as the atmosphere
what is the ratio of carbon in the ocean to atmosphere
60:1 ocean:atmosphere
what is the largest carbon reservoir in the biosphere
bicarbonate
what is the typical ocean pH
8-8.2
what is the formula for light attenuation
Iz = Ioe^(-kz)
what is beer’s law
light attentuation
what are the units of irradiance
number of photons, mole, avogadros number
what are the units of absorbance
none
what is the relationship of particle concentration to absorbance
linear but non-linear at higher concentrations
what is refraction
change in velocity of light
what is refraction dependent on
on a medium like water
how much solar radiation is reflected in the same wavelength
30%
how much solar radiation is absorbed then scattered to the atmosphere
50%
what do we gain from the sun
low entropy
how much kinetic energy is in all currents
.2%
how much energy is used in photosynthesis
.02%
what is the relationship between pressure and m
1 bar to 10m