Kinesiology and Biomechanics 2.2 Hip

What is the open packed position of the hip joint?

30 degrees flexion

30 degrees abduction

Slight external rotation

What is the closed packed position of the hip joint?

Full extension

Abduction

Internal rotation

What is the hip doing in pronation?

Internal rotation and flexion

What is the hip doing in supination?

External rotation and extension

Does pronation or supination shorten the limb?

Pronation

Does pronation or supination lengthen the limb?

Supination

What is the angle of inclination?

angle between neck of the femur and the medial side of the femoral shaft

What is the normal angle of inclination?

125 degrees

What is the angle of inclination measurement for coxa valgum?

> 125 degrees

What is the angle of inclination measurement for coxa varum?

< 125 degrees

Does coxa valgum or coxa varum have more straight bone?

Coxa valgum

Does coxa valgum or coxa varum have more bent bone?

Coxa varum

Does coxa valgum lengthen or shorten the limb?

Lengthens

Is the mechanical advantage of the hip increased or decreased during coxa valgum?

Decreased

Is the stability of the hip increased or decreased during coxa valgum?

Decreased

During coxa valgum there is BLANK acetabular coverage BLANK.

Less; superiorly

What risks may coxa valgum lead to?

Osteoarthritis

Dislocation

Does coxa varum lengthen or shorten the limb?

Shortens

There is BLANK bending at the neck of the femur during coxa varum.

Increased

What happens to the length of the moment arm during coxa varum?

Increases

Do muscles of the hip have to generate more or less force during coxa varum?

Less

Do muscles of the hip have to generate more or less force during coxa valgum?

More

Is the joint reaction force high or low during coxa varum?

Low

Is the joint reaction force high or low during coxa valgum?

High

Is the stability of the hip increased or decreased during coxa varum?

Increased

What risk may coxa varum lead to?

Joint fracture

What is the angle of torsion?

Angle between the line that runs through the femoral head and the neck, and a line that runs between the femoral condyles

What is normal anteversion when measuring the angle of torsion?

15 degrees

What does anteversion begin at at birth when measuring the angle of torsion?

40 degrees

What is excessive anteversion when measuring the angle of torsion?

> 15 or 20 degrees

What is retroversion when measuring the angle of torsion?

< 15 or 8 degrees

What increases during excessive anteversion internal rotation or external rotation?

Internal rotation

What decreases during excessive anteversion internal rotation or external rotation?

External rotation

Is stability increased or decreased during excessive anteversion?

Decreased

What part of the hip joint is more exposed during excessive anteversion?

Anterior

Does the muscle lever arm increase or decrease during excessive anteversion?

Decrease

Are the joint forces increased or decreased during excessive anteversion?

Increased

Is there a tendency for genu valgum or genu varum when there is excessive anteversion?

Genu valgum

What is seen with the toe during gait when there is excessive anteversion?

Toeing in

What is there an increased risk for when there is excessive anteversion?

Patellofemoral subluxation

During retroversion is internal hip rotation or external hip rotation increased?

External hip rotation

During excessive femoral anteversion is external hip rotation or internal hip rotation increased?

Internal hip rotation

During retroversion is genu valgum or genu varum more common?

Genu varum

What is seen with the toe during gait when there is retroversion?

Toeing out with gait

What is there an increased risk for when there is retroversion?

Labral tears

What is a clinical test for the angle of torsion?

Craig's test

What does a pincer impingement deal with?

Shape of acetabulum

What does a CAM impingement deal with?

Shape of femoral neck

Where does the acetabulum sit in a pincer impingement?

Posteriorly

Is the acetabulum more shallow or deep during a pincer impingement?

Deep

What motion of the hip joint pinches the acetabulum when there is a pincer impingement?

Abduction

What part of the labrum is pinched during abduction when there is a pincer impingement?

Superior

What is limited when there is a CAM impingement?

Hip flexion and abduction

What is normal pelvic position during a Trendelenburg Test?

Level

What is a positive Trendelenburg Test?

Pelvis drops on non-stance side

What is a positive Trendelenberg's Test a sign of?

Weak hip abductors on stance side

When there is an anterior tilt of the pelvis there is lumbar spine BLANK and hip BLANK.

Extension; flexion

During anterior pelvic tilt what muscles are shortened?

Hip flexors and erector spinae

During anterior pelvic tilt what muscles are lengthened?

Hip extensors and abdominals

When there is an posterior tilt of the pelvis there is lumbar spine BLANK and hip BLANK.

Flexion; extension

During posterior pelvic tilt what muscles are shortened?

Hip extensors and abdominals

During posterior pelvic tilt what muscles are lengthened?

Hip flexors and erector spinae

During contralateral pelvic drop is there hip adduction or abduction?

Adduction

During contralateral pelvic hike is there hip adduction or abduction?

Abduction

During contralateral pelvic drop is there lumbar spine flexion to the right or flexion to the left?

Flexion to the right

During contralateral pelvic hike is there lumbar spine flexion to the right or flexion to the left?

Flexion to the left

Coxa valgum is characterized by which of the following?

A) Angle of inclination < 125 degrees

B) Angle of torsion > 15 degrees

C) Angle of torsion < 15 degrees

D) Angle of inclination > 125 degrees

Angle of inclination > 125 degrees

Coxa varum is characterized by which of the following?

A) Angle of inclination < 125 degrees

B) Angle of torsion > 15 degrees

C) Angle of torsion < 15 degrees

D) Angle of inclination > 125 degrees

Angle of inclination < 125 degrees

Excessive anteversion is characterized by which of the following?

A) Angle of inclination < 125 degrees

B) Angle of torsion > 15 degrees

C) Angle of torsion < 15 degrees

D) Angle of inclination > 125 degrees

Angle of torsion > 15 degrees

Retroversion is characterized by which of the following?

A) Angle of inclination < 125 degrees

B) Angle of torsion > 15 degrees

C) Angle of torsion < 15 degrees

D) Angle of inclination > 125 degrees

Angle of torsion < 15 degrees

Excessive femoral anteversion is often associated with which of the following?

A) Toeing out gait

B) Increased hip ER ROM, decreased hip IR ROM

C) Tendency for genu varum

D) Increased hip IR ROM, decreased hip ER ROM

Increased hip IR ROM, decreased hip ER ROM

Femoral retroversion is often associated with which of the following?

A) Toeing in gait

B) Increased hip ER ROM, decreased hip IR ROM

C) Tendency for genu valgum

D) Increased hip IR ROM, decreased hip ER ROM

Increased hip ER ROM, decreased hip IR ROM

Excessive femoral anteversion is often associated with which of the following?

A) Toeing in gait

B) Increased hip ER ROM, decreased hip IR ROM

C) Tendency for genu varum

D) Toeing out gait

Toeing in gait

Excessive femoral anteversion is often associated with which of the following?

A) Tendency for genu valgum

B) Increased hip ER ROM, decreased hip IR ROM

C) Tendency for genu varum

D) Toeing out gait

Tendency for genu valgum

Femoral retroversion is often associated with which of the following?

A) Toeing in gait

B) Increased hip IR ROM, decreased hip ER ROM

C) Tendency for genu valgum

D) Toeing out gait

Toeing out gait

Femoral retroversion is often associated with which of the following?

A) Tendency genu valgum

B) Increased hip IR ROM, decreased hip ER ROM

C) Tendency for genu varum

D) Toeing in gait

Tendency genu varum

A positive Ely's test indicated what?

A) Shortened hamstring length

B) Shortened piriformis length

C) Shortened rectus femoris length

D) Shortened iliotibial band/hip abductor length

Shortened rectus femoris length

A positive hamstring length test indicated what?

A) Shortened hamstring length

B) Shortened piriformis length

C) Shortened rectus femoris length

D) Shortened iliotibial band/hip abductor length

Shortened hamstring length

A positive piriformis muscle length test indicated what?

A) Shortened hamstring length

B) Shortened piriformis length

C) Shortened rectus femoris length

D) Shortened iliotibial band/hip abductor length

Shortened piriformis length

A positive modified Ober Test indicated what?

A) Shortened hamstring length

B) Shortened piriformis length

C) Shortened rectus femoris length

D) Shortened iliotibial band/hip abductor length

Shortened iliotibial band/hip abductor length

Which angle describes the angle in the frontal plane between the femoral neck and the medial femoral shaft?

A) Acetabular angle

B) Angle of inclination

C) Q-angle

D) Angle of torsion

Angle of inclination

Which angle describes the angle between a line that runs through the femoral head and neck and a line that runs between the femoral condyles?

A) Acetabular angle

B) Angle of inclination

C) Q-angle

D) Angle of torsion

Angle of torsion

Which of the following describes the positive result for the Modified Ober test?

A) Leg drops greater than or equal to 10 degrees below horizontal, but the pelvis tilts laterally

B) Leg dropping less than 10 degrees below horizontal

C) Leg dropping 15 degrees below horizontal

D) Leg dropping greater than or equal to 10 degrees below horizontal

Leg dropping less than 10 degrees below horizontal

Which of the following describes the normal result for the Modified Ober test?

A) Leg drops greater than or equal to 10 degrees below horizontal, but the pelvis tilts laterally

B) Leg dropping less than 10 degrees below horizontal

C) Leg dropping 15 degrees below horizontal

D) Leg dropping greater than or equal to 10 degrees below horizontal

Leg dropping greater than or equal to 10 degrees below horizontal

During the Trendelenburg test, the pelvis drops on the non-stance side. What does this indicate?

A) Weak hip abductors on the non-stance limb

B) Tight hip adductors on stance limb

C) Weak hip adductors on stance limb

D) Weak hip abductors on stance limb

Weak hip abductors on stance limb

Which cane placement provides the greatest reduction in force on the affected hip?

A) Contralateral hand

B) Ipsilateral hand

Contralateral hand

During closed-chain lower extremity supination, what motions occur at the hip?

A) External rotation and extension

B) External rotation and flexion

C) Internal rotation and flexion

D) Internal rotation and extension

External rotation and extension

Which of the following describes the loose-packed position of the hip joint?

A) Full extension, abduction, internal rotation

B) Full flexion, adduction, external rotation

C) 30 degrees flexion, 30 degrees abduction, slight external rotation

D) 90 degrees flexion, 45 degrees abduction, neutral rotation

30 degrees flexion, 30 degrees abduction, slight external rotation

Which of the following describes the closed-packed position of the hip joint?

A) Full extension, abduction, internal rotation

B) Full flexion, adduction, external rotation

C) 30 degrees flexion, 30 degrees abduction, slight external rotation

D) 90 degrees flexion, 45 degrees abduction, neutral rotation

Full extension, abduction, internal rotation

A patient demonstrates toeing-out during gait. Which hip structural alignment of those listed below is most likely contributing to this gait deviation?

A) Femoral retroversion

B) Coxa valga

C) Excessive femoral anterversion

D) Coxa vara

Femoral retroversion

A patient demonstrates toeing-in during gait. Which hip structural alignment of those listed below is most likely contributing to this gait deviation?

A) Femoral retroversion

B) Coxa valga

C) Excessive femoral anterversion

D) Coxa vara

Excessive femoral anteversion