DNA structure

DNA

deoxyribonucleic acid

Nucleotide

A building block of DNA, consisting of a five-carbon sugar,' nitrogenous base, and a phosphate group.

Adenine

The base that pairs with Thymine in DNA (A pairs with T)

Thymine

the nucleotide that hydrogen bonds with the nucleotide adenine in DNA.

Guanine

The base that pairs with Cytosine in DNA

Cytosine

The base that pairs with Guanine with DNA

antiparallel strands

Strands parallel to each other going in opposite directions

double helix

Shape of DNA

Hydrogen bonds are

weak bonds

Genes

DNA segments that serve as the key functional units in hereditary transmission.

Traits

Characteristics that are inherited

Chromosomes

a rod shaped structures of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.

Nucleus

A part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and reproduction

Mutations

a random error in gene replication that leads to a change

Human Genome Project

project whose goal is to map, sequence, and identify all of the genes in the human genome

all humans share

99% of their genetic code.

semiconservative model

Type of DNA replication in which the replicated double helix consists of one old strand, derived from the old molecule, and one newly made strand.

Helicase

An enzyme that unzips the DNA

DNA polymerase

Enzyme involved in DNA replication that joins individual nucleotides to produce a DNA molecule