PLTW Principles of Biomedical Sciences 1.1.5 DNA Evidence

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Last updated 2:48 PM on 10/17/26
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37 Terms

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DNA
A molecule that carries the genetic instructions used by cells to make proteins
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Nucleotides
The repeating building blocks that make up DNA
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Deoxyribose sugar
The sugar component of a DNA nucleotide
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Phosphate group
The part of a nucleotide that forms the backbone of DNA
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Nitrogenous base
The part of a nucleotide that stores genetic information
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Sugar‑phosphate backbone
The strong covalent bond structure forming the sides of the DNA ladder
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Double helix
The twisted‑ladder shape of DNA
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Nitrogenous Bases of DNA

Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Thymine.

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Base‑pair rules
Adenine pairs with thymine, and guanine pairs with cytosine
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Hydrogen bonds
Weak bonds that hold nitrogenous bases together
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Covalent bonds
Strong bonds that hold the sugar‑phosphate backbone together
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Antiparallel
DNA strands run in opposite directions (5'→3' and 3'→5')
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Purine
A nitrogenous base with a double‑ring structure
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Purine bases
Adenine and guanine
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Pyrimidine
A nitrogenous base with a single‑ring structure
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Pyrimidine bases
Cytosine and thymine
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Purine‑pyrimidine pairing
Ensures DNA maintains a uniform width and stable structure
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Why base pairing matters
It ensures accurate DNA replication and stable genetic coding
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Chargaff’s rule

Percent of A equals percent of T and Percent of C equals Percent of G

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Genetic instructions
DNA contains the information cells use to build proteins
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DNA location
DNA is found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells
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Histones
Proteins DNA wraps around to fit inside the cell nucleus
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Eukaryotic cells
Cells with a nucleus
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Prokaryotic cells
Cells without a nucleus but still contain DNA
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Examples of prokaryotes
Bacteria and archaea
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Heredity
Passing traits from parents to offspring
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Genome
The complete set of DNA instructions in an organism
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DNA in organisms
DNA is found in all living things
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Where DNA can be found in the body

Bones, hair, clothing fibers, preserved brain tissue, bodily fluids
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Red blood cells
Do not contain DNA because they lack a nucleus
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DNA profile
A unique pattern of DNA used for identification
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Gene
A segment of DNA that codes for a protein
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Genetics
The study of heredity and genes
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Organelles
Structures inside cells that perform specific functions
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Function of histones
Help package DNA tightly so it fits in the nucleus
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Cells
The basic units of life
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Importance of DNA
DNA stores and passes on genetic information needed for life