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Affect of water pollution

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1

Affect of water pollution

  • nutrient load up, excess nutrients from fertiliser are flushed into rivers by rainwater

  • plants flourish

  • algae booms, oxygen is depleted as it prevents sunlight reaching other plants, plants die

  • decomposition further depletes oxygen, dead plants broken down by bacteria decomposers, using more oxygen

  • oxygen level reach point no life is possible

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2

human insulin from bacteria

  • plasmid removed from a bacterium

  • insulin gene is cut out of the human chromosomes using a restriction enzyme

    • r.e recognise specific sequences of DNA and cut the DNA at these points, the cut leaves one of the DNA strands with unpaired bases, sticky ends

  • plasmid is cut open using the same r.e. same sticky ends

  • plasmid and human insulin gene are mixed together

  • lipase is added ,joins spicy ends together, produce recombinant DNA, to different bits of DNA stuck together

  • the combinants DNA is inserted into a bacterium

  • the modified bacterium is gro in vat under controlled conditions, end with millions of bacteria that produce insulin

  • harvested and purified to treat diabetics

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3

intraspecifc and interspectific

  • completion between sam species

  • competiion between another species

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4

what can excess fertiliser cause

  • eutrophication

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5

novel foods

  • food that doesn’t have a significant history of consumption in a. region

  • fungus fusarium, is a rpotein

  • conditions, ph adn temp maintained

  • temperature controlled by a water jacket surrondon the whole thing

  • sterile oxygen added, aerobic respiration occurs

  • food source added

  • mixture inside stirred, equal distribution of oxygen and nutrient

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6

monoculture

  • growing only one crop to maximise the food they produce

  • can reduce key nutrients in the soil and lower biodiversity

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7

gene therapy

involves inserting copies of normal alleles into the chromosomes of an individual who carries faulty genes
- identify genes involved in genetic disorder
- r.e. cut out the normal allele, many copies made, put into the cells of person with faulty genes

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8

geotropism

  • caused by the unequal distribution of auzin

  • root horizontal, bottom contain more auxin and grows less, causing root to grow in the direction of the force of gravt

  • stem horizontal, bottom more auxin and grow more, against force of gravity

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9

amber

substances formed from hardened tree sap or resin, so the whole organism can be seen clearly

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