Public Speaking Midterm

apparently more than just speaking

Speaking

A kind of outline, usually brief and contains key words or phrases

Visualization

A confidence building technique, where you mentally picture yourself doing something successfully

Listening

The conscious act of recognizing, understanding, and accurately interpreting the messages communicated by others

Source Credibility

The contemporary term for ethos

Noise in the communication process

Any interference with the message when communicating

Plagiarism

Presenting another person’s material as your own

Coordinate

In an outline, points of equal importance that are indicated by their parallel alignment

Encoding

Transforming thoughts and Ideas into a message

Can be both internal and external

Traits of listening distractions

General Speech Purposes

To inform, persuade, or mark a special occasion

Pre-preparation anxiety

A form of speech anxiety that occurs before planning the speech

treatment of common knowledge within a speech

Can be used without need for a citation

Mass Communication

Form of communication where receiver is physically removed from the speaker, and there is little to no interaction between speaker and audience

Pre-performance anxiety

Onset of nervousness during rehearsal of a speech

How listeners should evaluate evidence in terms of

Accuracy and credibility of the source

How propaganda is usually presented

Advertising or publicity

Reasons to cite sources during your speech

To gain credibility, avoid plagiarism, and to demonstrate the quality and range of your research

Example of a closed-ended question

“Have you ever been to a professional hockey game?”

Testimony is

Firsthand findings, eyewitness accounts, and opinions

Even if not protected under copyright

Cite that source

Examples of Primary sources

Eyewitness testimony, diary entries, interviews, and surveys

What is brainstorming

Highly effective and efficient method for generating ideas

What is specific speech purpose

Lays out precisely what the speaker wants the audience to get from the speech

What examples can be

Brief, extended, factual, and hypothetical

Target audience

People in larger audience who are most likely to be influenced in the direction you seek

Abstract

Words/concepts that refer to ideas, qualities, or conditions

Example of Alliteration

“His Character plays a rocking, rolling, rip-roaring, raging role”

Analogy

Compares the unfamiliar with the familiar

Chronological

Pattern of arrangement that follows the natural sequential order of the main points

Concrete language

Specific, tangible, and definite

Connotative

Secondary meaning/ feeling word invokes beyond its literal definition

Coordinate outline

Points with similar significance are at same level of indentation

Denotative meaning

Objective, dictionary definition of a word

Jargon

Specialized insider language

Preview

At the beginning, tells the main points that will be covered

Purpose

The speaker’s primary goal (inform, persuade, entertain)

Metaphor

Comparing two things without using like or as

Signposts

Words, phrases, or sentences that tie the speech ideas together, enables the speaker to smoothly move between each point

Simile

Compares two things using like or as

Spatial

Speech organizational pattern based on geography or direction

Speaking

Type of outline, contains key phrases and cues for the speaker

Summary

At end of speech, summarizes main points

Thesis

At the beginning, summarizes claim of speech

Topical speech pattern

Organizes speech by dividing up topic into subtopics, gives most freedom to structure

Working outline

Contains entire speech, organized and supported when completed