XRAY 200 Midterm Review

Vocabulary practice flashcards covering dental radiography concepts, FMS sequencing, technique errors, machine components, radiation safety principles, and panoramic artifacts from the XRAY 200 midterm review stations.

Full Mouth Series (FMS)

A comprehensive series of intraoral radiographs comprising horizontal periapicals, vertical periapicals, and bitewing images to evaluate the complete dentition.

Anterior Periapicals (Sequence)

The set of intraoral periapical images that are exposed first when capturing a full mouth series.

Blue XCP

The specific color-coded Extension Cone Paralleling (XCP) instrument used for positioning and exposing anterior periapical radiographs.

Bitewing Radiograph

An intraoral image designed to evaluate the coronal portions of both maxillary and mandibular teeth and interproximal contact areas on a single film.

Periapical Radiograph

An intraoral radiograph that captures the entire tooth structure, from the occlusal or incisal surface down to the root apex and surrounding alveolar bone.

Lead Collimator

A lead diaphragm or ring in the x-ray tubehead that restricts the size and shape of the primary x-ray beam.

Dosimeter

A badge worn by dental radiography personnel to monitor and measure accumulated radiation exposure; it does not provide physical radiation protection.

ALARA

An acronym and fundamental radiation safety principle standing for 'As Low As Reasonably Achievable,' designed to minimize radiation exposure rather than avoiding all necessary diagnostic radiographs.

Shorter Wavelength X-rays

High-frequency electromagnetic x-radiation characterized by shorter wavelengths that exhibit greater penetrating power.

Primary Radiation

The direct, original penetrating beam of x-rays generated at the target of the anode, which is more penetrating than scattered radiation.

Scatter Radiation

A form of secondary radiation created when the primary beam deflects upon interaction with matter; it is biologically harmful despite occurring in low levels.

Electron Travel (X-ray Tube)

The directional stream of electrons propelled across the x-ray tube from the negative cathode to the positive anode.

Genetic Effects

Biological damage caused by radiation exposure to reproductive cells that cannot be repaired in the individual and can be transmitted to future generations.

Position Indicating Device (PID)

An open-ended cylinder or cone attached to the tubehead; using a longer PID decreases the intensity and diverges the beam, reducing the amount of radiation reaching the patient.

Thyroid Collar

A flexible lead shield positioned around the patient's neck to protect the radio-sensitive thyroid gland from scatter radiation during intraoral exposures.

Exaggerated Smile Line

A curved distortion on a panoramic image that serves as the visual clue indicating the patient's chin was tipped down too far.

Chin Tipped Down Correction

The repositioning adjustment in panoramic radiography where the operator lifts the patient's chin up so the Frankfort plane is parallel to the floor.

Ghost Image

A panoramic artifact caused by a radiodense object (such as earrings or metallic appliances) located on the opposite side, presenting as a higher, blurred, magnified reverse shadow.

Closed Contacts (Overlap)

A technique error on bitewing and periapical radiographs where adjacent proximal tooth surfaces overlap due to incorrect horizontal angulation or beam misalignment.

Film Creasing

A radiographic technique artifact appearing as a distinct thin radiolucent line caused by damaging or bending the film packet or digital phosphor plate.

Underexposed Image

A radiograph that appears light or low-density due to insufficient exposure time, low milliamperage, or low kilovoltage.