Glycolysis Pathway

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Last updated 9:30 PM on 10/12/26
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40 Terms

1
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what steps are irreversible

1,3,7,10

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direction of 1,3

ATP to ADP, with Mg+2

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direction of 7,10

ADP to ATP with Mg+2

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6 byproducts

2NAD+ + 2Pi to 2NADH + 2H+

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9 byproducts

2H2O

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Mnemonic for intermediates

Goodness Gracious Father Franklin Did Go By Picking Pumpkin to Prepare Pie

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Goodness

  1. Glucose


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Gracious

  1. glucose-6-phosphate


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Father

  1. fructose-6-phosphate


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Franklin

  1. frucotse-1,6-diphosphate


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Did

  1. Dihydroxyacetone phosphate

  • 5 fingers, use hydro and acetone on finger nails


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Go

  1. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (2)

  • 6 is always aldehyde

  • 6 is divisible by 3


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By

  1. 1,3-biphosphateglycerate (2)

  • 1,3,7 are all irreversible

  • 7 seas- C- go from phosphate to glyCerate


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Picking

  1. 3-phosphoglycerate (2)

  • keep the 3, get rid of 1 and bi


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Pumpkins

  1. 2-phosphoglycerate (2)


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Prepare

  1. Phosphoenolpyruvate (2)

  • 10 is eon/enol


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Pies

  1. pyruvate (2)


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Mnemonic for enzymes

Henry’s Pigs Prefer Krab Apples, Tiny Purple Iguanas Grow And 3 Play Dumb Games, Pretty Pink Kangaroos + Pretty Pink Monkeys Eat Pizza Kindly

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Henry

  1. hexokinase


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Pigs

  1. phosphoglucose isomerase

  • pigs need all the glucose, full word


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Prefer Krab

  1. phosphofructokinase-1

  • can only prefer 1 thing


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Apples

  1. aldolase


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Tiny Purple Iguanas

  1. triosephosphate isomerase

  • phos and iso come back from 2


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Grow And 3 Play Dumb Games

  1. glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase

  • almost at the 7 seas (7 C)


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Pretty Pink Kangaroos

  1. phosphoglycerate kinase


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Pretty Pink Monkeys

  1. Phosphoglycerate mutase


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Eat

  1. enolase


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Pizza Kindly

  1. pyruvate kinase


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step 1

glucose is phosphorylated to G6P by hexokinase or glucokinase

  • rate limiting step


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HK vs GK

HK: skeletal ms and other tissue

  • inhibited by G6P by allosteric regulation

GK: liver and beta cell in pancreas

  • induced by insulin, enzyme induction by substrate control


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step 2

G6P is isomerized to F6P by phosphohexose/phosphoglucose isomerase

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step 3

F6P is phosphorylated to F-1,6-BP by PFK

  • rate limiting step


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PFK

phosphofructokinase

  • most important regulator

  • allosteric EZ

  • inhibitors: ATP, citrate, FA

  • activators: high AMP and ADP


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step 4

F-1,6-BP is split/cleaved into G3P and DHAP by aldolase

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step 5

DHAP is isomerized to G3P by triosephosphate isomerase and G3P enters the pathway

  • 2 G3P by glucose


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step 6

G3P is oxidized and phosphorylated to 1,3-BGP by G3PDH

  • NADH is generated when G3P is oxidized

  • Pi added to phosphorylate G3P

    • NAD + Pi = NADH + H+ (to ETC)


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step 7

SLP: P from 1,3-BGP is added to ADP producing ATP by PGK

  • rate limiting step


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step 8

3PG is rearranged to become 2PG moving Pi from 3-C to 2-C by phosphoglycerate mutase

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step 9

2 PG is dehydrated to form phosphoenolpyruvate by enolase

  • H2O is removed


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step 10

SLP: P from PEP is transferred to ADP to form ATP by Pk