Histology: Connective Tissue, ECM, Fibers & Cartilage

Is Hematoxylin basophilic or acidophilic?

basophilic

Is eosin basophilic or acidophilic?

Acidophilic

What are reticulocytes?

red blood cells with retained ribosomes

What is the primary function of connective tissue?

Framework and support

What are the parts of the ECM?

ground substance and fibers

What is the primary function of fibroblasts/fibrocytes?

to create the ecm

What can cell surface receptors of mast cells respond to?

antibodies and allergens

What are mast cells closely associated with?

blood vessels

what is the function of macrophages?

phagocytosis and antigen presentation and immune stimulation

What is the ECM?

nonliving material between cells of connective tissues

What is collagen produced by?

fibroblasts, osteoblasts, chdroblasts

which fibers have high tensile strength?

collagen fibers

What do reticular fibers do?

Scaffolding

Where are reticular fibers located?

around capillaries, muscle fibers, nerves, fat, liver cells, basement membranes, bone marrow

Where can you find elastic fibers?

vocal cords, lungs, ligamentum nuchae, skin, arteries

What is in ground substance?

GAGs and proteoglycans

What connective tissues are considered connective tissue proper?

loose and dense connective tissue

What connective tissues are considered specialized connective tissue?

reticular and adipose

What connective tissues are considered supportive connective tissue?

cartilage and bone

Where are loose connective tissues located?

subcutaneous and interstitial tissue (within organs, between muscles, around nerves)

What fibers are in loose connective tissue?

reticular, cartilage, elastic

What is in the ground substance of loose connective tissue?

proteoglycans with water

What cells are in loose connective tissue?

fibroblasts, fat cells

What fibers are in dense regular/irregular connective tissue?

collagen fibers

Where do you find dense irregular connective tissue?

dermis and organ capsules

What cells are in dense regular/irregular connective tissue?

fibroblasts

Where can you find dense regular connective tissue?

ligaments and tendons

Where can you find reticular connective tissue?

stroma of spleen, liver, bone marrow

What cells are in reticular connective tissue?

reticular cells

Where can you find adipose tissue?

subcutaneously and intraperitoneally

What does adipose tissue function as?

insulation and energy stores

What cells are in adipose tissue?

adipocytes, fibroblasts

What fibers are in adipose tissue?

reticular and collagen

Does cartilage contain blood vessels?

No

How is nutrition obtained in cartilage?

Diffusion

What cells are in cartilage?

chondrocytes/chodroblasts in lacunae

What surrounds and encapsulates tissue in cartilage?

perichondrium

What kind of connective tissue is perichondrium?

dense irregular connective tissue

What fibers are in cartilage?

collagen or elastic

What are the functions of cartilage?

structural support, covers articular surfaces to provide a smooth surface for joint development, bone development

What is the function of hyaline cartilage?

provides support and acts as a shock absorber

Where is hyaline cartilage?

articular surfaces, nose, tracheal/bronchial rings, developing bones

What does elastic cartilage do?

provides flexibility

Where is elastic cartilage found?

pinna of ear, epiglottis

What is fibrocartilage a combination of?

hyaline cartilage and dense connective tissue

Where is fibrocartilage found?

ligament/tendon attachment sites, between pelvic bones, menisci, intervertebral discs

Which cartilage doesn't have a true perichondrium?

fibrocartilage

What is the function of fibrocartilage?

Resists compression, prevents bone-bone contact

What is interstitial growth?

chondrocytes divide within lacunae and daughter cells secrete additional matrix leading to expansion of cartilage

What is appositional growth?

perichodrial chondroblasts divide and differentiate

What are the functions of bone?

support, protection, leverage, houses blood-forming tissue, mineral storage bank

Where are osteoblasts located?

bone suface

What do osteoblasts produce?

organic bone matrix (osteoid)

What are osteocytes derived from?

osteoblasts

What do osteoclasts do?

eat bone

What increases osteoclast activity?

parathyroid hormone

What is bone matrix deposited by?

osteoblasts/osteocytes

What system is osteoclasia driven by?

endocrine system

What enhances osteoclasia?

parathyroid hormone

What reduces osteoclasia and enhances matrix deposition?

calcitonin

Does spongy (trabecular) bone or compact bone have a greater interosseous space

spongy bone

What is the outer covering of bone called?

periosteum

What kind of connective tissue is the outer fibrous layer of periosteum?

dense irregular connective tissue

Where is endosteum located?

surface inner bone cavity

What do osteoblasts form?

trabeculae

What do osteoclasts form?

marrow cavity

What do joints connect?

2 or more bones by connective/cartilage tissue

What are syndesmosis joints?>

bones held together by ligament or interosseus membrane

What is symphysis?

bones connected by fibrocartilage

What is the intervertebral disc?

creates joint between adjacent vertebrae

What is synchondrosis?

bones joined by hyaline cartilage

What are examples of synchondrosis?

growth plate, costochondral junction

What are the joint components of synovial joints?

articular cartilage, synovial cavity, synovial sac/joint capsule

What cartilage are the ends of bone covered by?

hyaline cartilage

Does articular cartilage have a perichondrium?

no