ch 9 oral mucosa (exam review)

lining mucosa

type of oral mucosa noted for its softer surface and texture, moist surface, and ability to stretch and be compressed

masticatory mucosa

type of oral mucosa noted for its rubbery surface texture and resiliency

what consists of lining mucosa?

-buccal mucosa

-labial mucosa

-alveolar mucosa

-ventral surface of the tongue

-floor of the mouth

-soft palate

what consists of masticatory mucosa?

-hard palate

-attached gingiva

-dorsal surface of the tongue

specialized mucosa

type of oral mucosa found on dorsal and lateral surface of tongue in form of lingual papillae

keratinocytes

epithelial cells in oral mucosa that can produce keratin

nonkeratinocytes

cells that don’t produce keratin

microplicae

cellular ridge-like folds in superficial surface layer

nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium

located in superficial layers of lining mucosa

what are the layers of nonkeratinized epithelium?

-basal

-intermediate

-superficial

orthokeratinized stratified squamous epithelium

least common form of epithelium found in oral cavity associated with masticatory mucosa

parakeratinized stratified squamous epithelium

associated with masticatory mucosa of attached gingiva in higher levels than presence of orthokeratinized

what are the layers of orthokeratinized epithelium?

-basal

-prickle

-granular

-keratin layers (no nuclei)

what are the layers of parakeratinized epithelium?

-basal

-prickle

-granular

-keratin layers (with nuclei)

lamina propia

connective tissue proper region in oral mucosa

papillary layer

superficial later of lamina propria

dense layer

deeper later of lamina propria

capillary plexus

between papillary and deeper layers of lamina propria and provide nutrients for all layers of oral mucosa

submucosa

may or may not be present deep to the dense layer of lamina propria

hyperkeratinization

excessive production of keratin

mucoperiosteum

structure consisting of a mucous membrane combined with periosteum of adjacent bone

stippling

small pinpoint depressions, which give the surface of attached gingiva an orange-peel appearance

taste bud

barrel-shaped organ of taste

taste pore

opening in the most superficial part of the taste bud

geographic tongue

red and then paler pink to white patches on the body of the tongue

geographic tongue is sensitivity of?

filiform lingual papillae to changes in their environment

clinical considerations: black hairy tongue

usual shedding of epithelium occurring in overgrowth of stained dead cells

melanocytes

epidermal cells derived from neural crest cells that form melanin

what are the 3 types of oral mucosa?

-lining

-masticatory

-specialized

what consists of specialized mucosa?

dorsal and lateral surface of the tongue

what epithelium is labial and buccal mucosa?

thick keratinized

what epithelium is alveolar mucosa?

thin nonkeratinized

what epithelium is the ventral surface of tongue and floor of mouth?

extremely thin nonkeratinized

what is the epithelium of the soft palate?

thin nonkeratinized

what is the epithelium of hard palate?

thick orthokeratinized

what is the epithelium of attached gingiva?

thick keratinized (mostly para, some ortho)

clinical appearance of filiform

-most common in body

-cone shaped and velvet texture

clinical appearance of fungiform

-less numbers on body

-mushroom shaped

clinical appearance of foliate

lateral surface of tongue

clinical appearance of circumvallate

mushroom shaped on anterior part of tongue

histologic of filiform

thick keratinized

histologic fungiform

thin keratinized

histologic foliate

keratinized

histologic circumvallate

-thin keratizined

-surrounded by trough w von ebner minor salivary glands

turnover for hard palate

24 days

turnover for floor of mouth

20 days

turnover for buccal and labial mucosa

14 days

turnover for attached gingiva

10 days

turnover for taste buds

10 days

turnover for junctional epithelium

4-6 days

what can affect turnover time?

regional differences in the pattern if epithelial maturation or keratinization

aging of mucosa

-reduction of stippling on attached gingiva

-increase in fordyce spots in labial and buccal mucosa

-enlargement of lingual veins to form lingual varicosities on ventral surface of tongue

clinical considerations: fordyce spots

small yellowish bumps on surface of oral mucosa; trapped sebaceous glands

clinical considerations: hyperkeratinization

overproduction of nonkeratinized epithelium; linea alba

clinical consideration: linea alba

white ridge of calloused tissue on where max and mand teeth come together and occlude

clinical considerations: snuff keratosis

caused by pouch tobacco, localized to only areas of direct contact

clinical considerations: exostoses

overgrowth of bone on facial surface of alveolar process

clinical consideration: periodontal disease

marginal and attached gingiva become enlarged, resuls from edema

clinical considerations: gingival recession

lowering of gingival margin, gingival graft can reduce amount of recession

clinical considerations: gingival hyperplasia

overgrowth of interproximal gingiva due to intake of certain drugs for seizure control, certain antibiotics and specific heart medications

clinical considerations: secondary or recurrant herpes

sits dormant but reoccurs due to stress

clinical considerations: nerus

benign tumor of melanin

clinical considerations: melanoma

cancer involving melanin and requires biopsy to rule out malignancies

clinical considerations: amalgam tattoo

bluish/gray pigmentation found around gingiva normally found adjacent to dental restorations

clinical considerations: fissured tongue

can cause halitosis

clinical considerations: lingual tonsil lymphadenopathy

chronic and caused by stomach acids rising all the way up the throat and back of nose; heartburn

clinical considerations: geographic tongue

appears red and then paler pink to white patches on body of tongue, shows sensitivity

clinical consideration: hairy leukoplakia

irregular corrugated white lesion caused by epstein-barr virus; most common in HIV patients

clinical consideration: halitosis

bad breath by microbial colonization of dental biofilm

clinical consideration: oral lichen planus

rare, chronic, inflammatory, immune-mediated condition

reticular - lacy white, web-like lines on gums, cheeks, tongue

erosive - bright red, swollen tissues, open sores, burning sensation