Meditterannean history 1.2 quiz

What was the Ancient Greek Religion

Polytheistic belief: Zeus god of the sky, Hera goddess of childbirth, Athena goddess of wisdom, etc

What was a polis

A polis was a city state which was both a political and religious community. Each polis had its own patron god/deity Ex: Athens patron was Athena

What role did the gods have

The gods were central to everyday life, influencing both personal and civic affairs, and were worshipped to secure favor and protection. The gods had the power to punish or reward people

What were the origins to greek temple architecture

From the seventh to 6th BCE Greek architecture transition from wood to Stone under Egyptian rule. Temples were typically dedicated to a specific Deity or god and were considered the house of that god. The doric and ionic order were also founded at this time

What were the main components of a greek temple (where are they on a greek temple)

The main components included the Pediment, frieze, architrave or epistyle, capital, column, and stylobate

What were the components particular to Doric temples

Doric Frieze Had: Triglyph, metopes

Doric Capital had: Abacus, Echinus

Architrave or epistyle

Pediment

Column

Stylobate

What were the components particular to the Ionic temple

Pediment

Frieze

Architrave or epistyle had: fasciae

Capital had: abacus, Volute

Column

Stylobate

What were some aesthetic qualities of a greek temple

stark white

Columns looked very straight, but were built that way with multiple curves

lots of optical illusions

Doric Order description

masculine, compact, thick columns, solid, plain

Ionic order description

tall, slender, ornate, feminine

Greek temple rooms

3 rooms

• Pronaos: the entrance porch, usually on the eastern end

• Naos or cella: large central room with a statue of the temple’s god

• Opisthodomos: the rear porch, often used as a treasury

Who was mainly allowed in the greek temples

only priests and priestesses were allowed inside the temple; the sacrificial altar, which the public was allowed to see, was located outside

What was enslavement like in Ancient Greece and how was it thought of

It was very normalized

skin color didn’t matter

some people were thought to be “naturally” enslaved

What were some of the roles of the enslaved people in Athens

They had different jobs

Ex: Farm hands, laborers, miners, Business managers, entertainers, artists, sometimes even police force in Athens

Some treated well others treated brutally

What were some of the roles of the enslaved in Sparta and what were they called

The enslaved in Sparta, the Helots, worked almost exclusively as laborers or farm hands, and were almost always treated very brutally

Were women considered equals in Ancient Greece (Athens and Sparta)

No they weren’t

Athens: could open businesses and participate in religion, but they could not participate in politics (or vote) or own property, and they almost always had to have a male guardian

Sparta: Spartan women were not in the military or politics, but they had property rights and received more education than Athenian women

How was homosexuality considered in Ancient greece

Homosexuality was usually not illegal, but there were differing attitudes towards it; sex between older men and their younger protégés was considered the “most appropriate”

Summarize the Athenian Constitution

The Athenian Constitution, attributed to Aristotle, outlines the political system of Athens, detailing its democratic principles, governing bodies, and the division of power among the citizens, including the Assembly and the Council of Five Hundred.

Summarize the Spartan constitution

The Spartan Constitution, traditionally attributed to Lycurgus, establishes a rigid dual kingship, a council of elders called the Gerousia, and an assembly of citizens. It emphasizes military discipline, communal living, and the roles of the Ephors, who oversee the kings and the governance.

What was the council of five hundred (Athenian constitution)

The Council of Five Hundred, or Boule, was responsible for setting the agenda for the Assembly and representing the populace. The council of 500 was elected by lot 50 from each tribe. Each tribe would hold the office of Prytanes in turn. The order of being determined by a lot, the first four would serve for 36 days each in the last six for 35 days. They were given 1 drachma per day for their service. The council would meet every single day unless it was a holiday.

What was the assembly (athenian constitution)

The assembly met four times in each pre-10, 35 or 36 days per lunar year, where they drew up the agenda for the council and decided what subjects were to be dealt with each day. They also controlled where it was held. And each pertaining there was one meeting called the sovereign assembly where people would ratify the continuance of the magistrates, civil workers, in office, see if they were performing their duties properly. The assembly received one Roma for ordinary meetings, and nine ovals for the sovereign meeting. They also worked closely with other magistrates. This included the treasurers of Athens. The assembly was made up of male citizens 18 and over and were paid to attend.

What were the other magistrates in the Athenian constitution

The other magistrates included the 10 treasures of Athena, who were elected by law, one from each tribe. According to the law of Solon, which they had to be very rich. However, whoever the law fell on even if they were poor, would hold office. There was to take over charge of the statue of Athena, the figures of victory, and all the other ornaments of the temple. There were also 10 commissioners for public contracts also called Polite and were chosen by a lot from each tribe. They farmed out public contracts, lease, the minds and taxes along with the military treasurer and the commissioner of the TheoRick fund.

Who was Lycurgus

A legendary lawgiver of Sparta, credited with establishing the military-oriented reformation of Spartan society and the Great Rhetra.

what does Pentacosiomedimni mean

very rich

• Sparta had 2 kings at the same time. They came from different royal families. They were mainly responsible for leading the army and religious duties. Having two kings helped prevent one person from having too much power.

👥 3. Assembly (Apella)

• Made up of Spartan male citizens.

• Citizens could vote on proposals.

• However, they had less power than the Athenian Assembly because they generally could not debate proposals extensively.

👉 Think: “The citizens vote.”

⚖ 4. Five Ephors

• 5 officials elected each year.

• They had a lot of power over everyday government.

• They could check the kings and make sure they followed Spartan laws.

• They also handled things like foreign affairs and education.

👉 Think: “The ephors keep everyone in check.”

🧠 Super-simple chart

Spartan Government

2 Kings → Military + religion
⬇
28 Elders + 2 Kings → Propose laws + important courts
⬇
Assembly → Citizens vote
⬇
5 Ephors → Run daily government + check the kings

What was the council of elders spartan constitution

Council of Elders (Gerousia)

• Made up of 28 older men + the 2 kings. Members had to be 60+ years old. They proposed laws and discussed important issues. They also served as a court for serious crimes.