Edit · BIOL 1220: Lab 3

cartilage

can be found in the areas of the skeleton where bones move, e.g. the ribcage and joints

compact bone connective tissue

constitutes the walls of the diaphysis; dense and hard

hyaline cartilage connective tissue

the cartilage that reduces friction and acts as a shock absorber

elastic cartilage connective tissue

the cartilage that provides flexibility to structures like your external ear and epiglottis

fibrocartilage connective tissue

the cartilage most resistant to compression and stretch; forms vertebral discs and knee joint cartilages

axial skeleton

main axis of body

long bones

cylindrical and longer than they are wide

short bones

equal in length and width

flat bones

typically thin but are also often curved

irregular bones

do not have any easily characterized shapes and therefore do not fit any other classification

sesamoid bones

small, round bones that, as the name suggests, are shaped like a sesame seed

sutural bones

extra pieces of bone which can be found within the cranial sutures

compact bone

the denser, stronger of the two types of bone tissue

spongy bone

contains osteocytes housed in lacunae, but they are not usually arranged in concentric circles; also called trabecular bone

trabeculae

spongy bone

diaphysis

shaft of the bone

medullary cavity

the hollow region in the diaphysis, which is mostly yellow marrow in adults

epiphyses

the proximal and distal ends of the bone

articular cartilage

thin layer of hyaline cartilage covering the epiphyses that reduces friction and acts as a shock absorber

epiphyseal line

a faint line left where the epiphyseal plates are eventually replaced with bone when growth ceases

epiphyseal plate

a line of hyaline cartilage in children at the junction between the diaphysis and epiphysis; allows for longitudinal bone growth

periosteum

a fibrous membrane covering the outer surface of the bone

endosteum

the delicate membranous lining of the medullary cavity, where bone growth, repair, and remodeling occur

hematopoietic tissue

initially fills the medullary cavity in infants

hydroxyapatites

give bones their hardness and strength

collagen fibers

give bones flexibility so that they are not brittle

osteon

the microscopic structural unit of compact bone

lamellae

the concentric rings of calcified matrix that compose osteons

central canal

runs down the center of each osteon; contains blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic vessels

perforating canal

allows vessels and nerves to branch off at right angles from the central canal and extend to the periosteum and endosteum

canaliculi

channels within the bone matrix through which the cytoplasmic processes of osteocytes extend

osteocytes

located inside lacunae

lacunae

spaces found at the borders of adjacent lamellae

cervical vertebrae

C1-C7

thoracic curvature

T1-T12

lumbar vertebrae

L1-L5

intervertebral discs

strongly unite the bodies of adjacent vertebrae

scoliosis

an abnormal, lateral curvature, accompanied by twisting of the vertebral column

kyphosis

excessive curvature of thoracic vertebrae

lordosis

an excessive anterior curvature of the lumbar region most commonly associated with obesity or late pregnancy; also called swayback

fontanelle

a large area of dense connective tissue that separates the cranial vault bones as they grow in the fetal skull

frontal bone

supraorbital margin of frontal bone

coronal suture

parietal bone

temporal bone

temporal bone

mastoid process of temporal bone

no

nasal bone

zygomatic bone

.

maxilla

sphenoid bone

optic canal of sphenoid bone

lacrimal bone

ethmoid bone

vomer

mandible

orbits

the depressions in which the eyeballs are located

frontal bone

frontal bone

parietal bone

parietal bone

temporal bone

temporal bone

external auditory meatus of temporal bone

external auditory meatus of temporal bone

mastoid process of temporal bone

.

zygomatic process of temporal bone

zygomatic arch

formed by the zygomatic process joining with a process of the zygomatic bone

coronal suture

squamous suture

lambdoid suture

no

occipital bone

sphenoid bone

ethmoid bone

lacrimal bone

lacrimal fossa of lacrimal bone

nasal bone

zygomatic bone

no

maxilla

mandible

ramus of mandible

angle of mandible

no

condylar process of mandible

coronoid process of mandible

sagittal suture

joins the two parietal bones

lambdoid suture

sagittal suture

sagittal suture

coronal suture

hard palate

maxilla

palatine bone

vomer

sphenoid bone

no

temporal bone

carotid canal of temporal bone

jugular foramen of temporal bone

occipital bone

occipital condyles of occipital bone

foramen magnum of occipital bone

occipital condyles

bumps on the sides of magnus foramen

carotid canal of temporal bone

act as passageways for the internal carotid arteries

frontal bone

frontal sinus of frontal bone

ethmoid bone

.