Chapter 13: blood heart and circulation

Heart

muscle pump of variable rate and strength

Blood

Fluid (Connective tissue) of variable volume and viscosity. Contains water, solutes, and cells

Hemotocrit

is a rapid assessment of blood composition

Hemoglobin

Protein in RBC’s that carries o2 to tissues and co2 away from tissues

Plasma

The fluid portion of blood includes water, ions, proteins, nutrients, gases, hormones, wastes, etc

White blood cells

WBC or leukocytes for immunity

Platelets

cell fragments for clotting

Septum

separates right and left sides of heart

Interventricular septum

separates the two ventricles

Atrium

upper chamber of the heart, receives venous blood returning to the heart.

Pulmonary circulation

Circuit through which partially oxygenated blood travels from right ventricle of the heart via the pulmonary arteries

Systemic Circulation

circuit through which oxygenated blood travels from the left ventricle of the heart via the aorta through the organ systems.

Tricuspid

between atria and ventricles

Bicuspid

Between the left atrium and the right ventricle

Papillary muscles

limit valve movement to prevent backflow of blood into atria

Pulmonary valve

between the left ventricle and the pulmonary trunk

Aortic valve

between left ventricle and aorta

Systole

period of ventricular relaxation and blood filing, appx 0.5s

Diastole

Period of ventricular relaxation and blood filing appx, 0.3s

Pressure

force exerted by blood (mmHg)

Blood flow

from a region of higher pressure to a region of lower pressure (volume/unit time such as L/min)

Isovolumetric contraction

Pressure in the ventricles increases as the ventricles begin to contract, causing the AV valve to close(lub)

Isovolumetric relaxation

pressure in the ventricles decreases, causing the semilunar valves to close (dub)

End-diastolic volume (EDV)

volume of blood in ventricles at the end of diastole

Atrioventricular (AV) node

carries APs from right atrium

P-wave

results from spread of depolarization into the atria

QRS wave

results from the spread of depolarization into the ventricles

T wave

results from repolarization of the ventricles

Arteries

have strong, thick, elastic walls that resist airflow

Veins

have more pliable walls, a wider lumen, and fill more easily

Arterioles

serves as controls of flow into capillary beds

Capillaries

smallest blood vessels, mediate exchange of substances with ISF

Coronary Artery Disease

Insufficient blood flow to the heart due to a change in coronary arteries

Lymphatic vessels

absorb excess ISF that filtered out of blood vessels

Lymphocytes

defend against disease causing agents