Locomotion

Describe movment produced by hysrostatic skeletons

Due to the constant volume and incompressible fluids, contraction of a muscle results in a decrease in one dimension of the body and an increases in another dimension

Polyp cnidarians use their \________ cavity as their hydrostatic skeleton

gastrovascular

Medusa cnidarian locomotion

ring of muscle around the bottom of their bell which contracts to shoots the water out and propel them forward

Longitudinal muscles allow for\________ motion, longitudinal and circular muscles allow for \_________ motion

side-to-side, peristatic

Echinoderms locomotion

Water vascular system and tube feet

In arthropods muscles attach to

apodemes in the exoskeleton.

In vertebrates muscles attach to

the bones with tendons

Muscles work by

contracting and pulling on a bone or attachement to an exoskeleton

Flexion and extension of a limb are the result of

the contraction of antagonistic sets of muscles

Because water is a dense medium most fish and marine mammals use \________ locomotion to swim, using the body muscles to produce propulsion

axial

Frogs, turtles, waterfowl, and mammals swim using \________ locomotion, using their limbs

appendicular