Unit 1 Biology - Scientists, Structural Complexity, Taxonomy, and Microscopes

Vocabulary flashcards covering influential scientists, structural levels of organization, taxonomic domains, and microscope types from Unit 1 Biology notes.

Arastodi

Greek philosopher and naturalist who introduced the concept of organized scientific understanding.

Anton Van Leewenhoek

Father of the microscope who was the first to see living blood and molecules or animalcules.

Hauns and Zacurius Janson

Invented the first compound microscope.

Robert Hook

The first person to use the term cell, inspired by the simplicity of monks.

Caroles Lenaus

Botanist, zoologist, taxonomist, and physician known as the Father of modern taxonomy, who created the modern system of naming and organizing organisms.

Edward Jenner

Discovered vaccination for smallpox by observing that milkmaids who had cowpox did not get smallpox.

Theadon Schwann

Determined that all living animals are made of cells and published the first statement that all living things are made of cells and cell products.

Mathins Schleiden

Investigated and experimented with plants to project that plant parts are made of cells, working alongside Schwann.

Charles Darwin

English naturalist, geologist, and biologist who explained evolution through the theory of natural selection.

Rudolf Virchow

Contributed to the second part of cell theory by stating that all cells come from preexisting cells.

Lovies Pasteur

French chemist and microbiologist who discovered that microorganisms cause fermentation and disease, popularized the germ theory of disease, created pasteurization, and developed vaccines for anthrax and rabies.

Gregor Mendel

Known as the father of genetics.

Alexander Fleming

Scottish physician and microbiologist who discovered penicillin.

James Watson and Francis Crick

Played key roles in discovering the molecular structure of DNA; Watson discovered four organic bases linked in pairs, and Crick provided evidence that three bases in code for an amino acid in protein.

Rosolined Franklin

British chemist and X-ray crystallographer who used X-ray imaging to make DNA clear, helped discover RNA, and helped discover virus structures.

Molecules

Building blocks of matter that combine to form water, sugar, and proteins.

Cellular Level

The level of structural complexity representing the smallest living units, such as smooth muscle fibers.

Organ Level

A structure composed of at least 2 tissue types, with 4 being the most common platform.

Organ System Level

A group of organs that cooperate with one another to perform a common function.

Organism Level

The highest level of structural complexity in a living organism.

Taxonomy

A branch of biology that names and organizes or groups organisms according to their characteristics and evolutionary history.

Binomial Nomenclature

The scientific naming system for an organism.

Archea

A domain of single-celled prokaryotic organisms without a nucleus that live in aquatic and harsh conditions, containing only Kingdom Archea.

Bactria

A domain of single-celled prokaryotic organisms that includes all other bacteria, containing only Kingdom Bactria.

Eukarya

A domain comprising all other non-prokaryotic organisms, containing 4 kingdoms including Kingdom Protista and Kingdom Fungi.

Compound Light Microscope

A microscope that uses light to illuminate objects and has 2 lenses, with a magnification limit up to $2000 \times$.

Transmition Electron Microscope

A microscope that uses electron beams and can magnify up to $2000000 \times$, with the limitation that only dead cells can be observed.

Scaning Electron Microscope

A microscope that reflects electrons from the surface of a specimen to produce 3D images of thicker specimens, providing the least magnification among electron microscopes.