Hydrogen Chloride Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards covering the occurrence, physical properties, history, and preparation reactions of hydrogen chloride gas based on the lecture notes.

Molecular formula of hydrogen chloride

$$HCl$$

Molecular mass of hydrogen chloride

$$36.5$$

Chemical bond in hydrogen chloride

Covalent bond

Glauber (1648)

Prepared the acid in 1648 by heating common salt ($NaCl$) with concentrated sulphuric acid

Lavoisier

Named the acid muriatic acid

Muriatic acid

The name given to hydrochloric acid by Lavoisier

Davy (1810)

Named the acid as hydrochloric acid in 1810

Volcanic emissions

Natural occurrence where hydrogen chloride gas occurs in the free state

Gastric juice of mammals

Contains $0.2 - 0.4\%$ hydrochloric acid, which helps in digestion

Density of hydrogen chloride gas

Heavier than air ($1.28\text{ times}$ denser than air)

Direct synthesis of hydrogen chloride

Moist hydrogen gas combines with chlorine in the presence of diffused sunlight: $H_2(g) + Cl_2(g) \xrightarrow{\text{Diffused Sunlight}} 2HCl(g)$

Activated carbon (catalyst)

Absorbs hydrogen to increase reactivity, enabling the synthesis reaction to occur even in the dark

Reaction of $NaCl$ with conc. $H_2SO_4$ below $200\,^\circ\text{C}$

$$NaCl + H_2SO_4 \xrightarrow{< 200\,^\circ\text{C}} NaHSO_4 + HCl(g)$$

Reaction of $NaCl$ with conc. $H_2SO_4$ above $200\,^\circ\text{C}$

$$2NaCl + H_2SO_4 \xrightarrow{\text{above } 200\,^\circ\text{C}} Na_2SO_4 + 2HCl(g)$$

Reaction of $CuCl_2$ with conc. $H_2SO_4$

$$CuCl_2 + H_2SO_4 \xrightarrow{\Delta} CuSO_4 + 2HCl(g)$$

Laboratory preparation of hydrogen chloride gas

Prepared by the action of concentrated sulphuric acid on sodium chloride