Bio poop (copy)

Four categories of organic molecules

Protein, Nucleic acid, Carbohydrates, and Lipids

Organic molecule

A molecule that contains carbon and is part of living organisms.

Why is carbon such an important element in constructing the molecules of life?

Because Carbon has four Valence electrons, allowing them to form strong covalent bonds with many elements.

Monomer

Small unit, Example: One lego piece

Polymer

Similar small units (Monomer) bond together.

Polymerization

the process of small molecules, (monomers) bonding to form a large molecule (polymer)

Metabolism

How the body turns food into energy

catabolism

Breaks bonds

Anabolism

builds bonds

monomer for a carbohydrate

Monosaccharides

Elements found in carbohydrates

(CHO) Carbon, Hydrogen, oxygen

Polymer for a carbohydrate

polysaccharide

Cellulose

Structural, poly, cellwall, plant

chitin

structural, animal, poly, make its stable. Example: Think of a crabs shell

Starch

Storage, plant, stores energy, poly

Glycogen

storage, animal, stores energy, poly.

Carbohydrate function

Provide the body with energy Example; Bread, pasta, rice, and fruits

Lipids function

Stores energy long term, make up cell membrane

Lipids elements

(CHO) Carbon,Hydrogen, and oxygen

Fats (triglyceride)

Keeps the body temperature warm, cushions the organs from damage

3 types of lipids

Fats, Phospholipids, and sterols

Phospholipids

Forms the membrane

Sterols

Helps make hormones, (Chemical messages) and support the cell membrane.

structure of fat (triglyceride)

3 fatty acid tails attached to a glycerol head

Structure of a Phospholipid

2 fatty acid tails that are hydrophobic attached to a glycerol head that is hydrophilic phosphate attached to head

Sterols structure

4 rings connected

Elements for proteins

(CHON) Carbon, Hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen

Monomer for a Protein

Amino Acid

Structure of Amino Acid

Amino group, Side chain (includes the R group), and the Carboxyl group

Polymer for a protein

Peptide

Saturated fats

Single bond, solid at room temp. Example: Butter

Unsaturated fats

double bond, liquid at room temp.

Functions in a protein

1. Speeds up chemical reactions

2. Transport substance throughout the body

3. Build structure

4. Help muscles move

protein is in milk is

Casein protein

Elements in a Nucleic Acid

(CHONP) Carbon, Hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus.

Monomer for a Nucleic Acid

Nucleotide

Structure in a Nucleotide

Nitrogenous base, Phosphate, 5 carbon sugar

Two nucleic acid polymers

RNA and DNA

Function of Nucleic acids

Store and transfer genetic info

The 5 Nitrogenous bases found in Nucleic Acids

Adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine, and uracil.

DNA has,

Adenine, Guanine, cytosine, and thymine.

RNA has,

Adenine, Guanine, cytosine, and uracil

The 5 carbon sugar is found in,

Deoxyribose= Found in DNA, and Ribose = found in RNA

DNA function

Stores genetic information

Types of RNA molecule

mRNA tRNA and rRNA

Type of RNA

mRNA- Messenger, Carries the genetic code from DNA to the ribosome to help make proteins

Type of RNA

tRNA-Transports amino acids to the ribosome to help build proteins.

Type of RNA

rRNA- Makes up the ribosome, where proteins are made

RNA functions

Helps make protein