Struggle for Reform Study Guide

A comprehensive vocabulary review of key terms, historical figures, legislation, and concepts from the Struggle for Reform study guide.

Triangle Shirtwaist Company Fire

A deadly workplace disaster where a fire broke out, killing many female workers who were trapped inside by locked doors after owners refused to create safe working conditions.

Influenza (1918)

A disease that killed over 500,000 Americans in 1918 as a result of overcrowding in the cities.

Progressive Reforms

Reforms brought about by the unsafe working and child labor conditions depicted in industrial factory photographs.

Urbanization and Industrialization

Developments that led to Progressive reforms because overcrowding caused sanitation, water, and housing problems, dangerous factories, and corruption of city governments.

Jane Adams

A reformer who tried to solve problems faced by the city of Chicago by opening a settlement house to help immigrants and working families.

Child Labor Laws (by 1914)

Legislation encouraged by Progressives in almost every state that banned factories from hiring children and required children to attend school.

Progressives

Advocates for city parks, beautification, safer housing, better sanitation, and teaching immigrants social skills in settlement houses.

Conservation

Protecting and saving something from being destroyed or used up.

Theodore Roosevelt

The U.S. president who advocated for the creation and preservation of national parks.

Separate but Equal

A doctrine that became legal under the Jim Crow Laws.

Literacy Test

A law that required men to read selections from the Constitution in order to vote and kept African Americans from voting because they couldn't pass.

Poll Tax

A law that prevented poor farmers, like African American sharecroppers, from voting by requiring payment before voting.

Grandfather Clause

A rule that prevented African Americans from voting by stating men could vote only if their father or grandfather had voted before 1867.

Civil Rights

Rights that are guaranteed to all citizens by the Constitution.

Plessy v. Ferguson

A court case that stated that racial separation was legal.

The Great Migration

A movement driven by Jim Crow Laws, prejudice, lynchings, hardships of sharecropping, the boll weevil damaging crops, and factory job opportunities.

Life in the North (for African Americans)

An experience where life improved for some compared to the South, but individuals still faced discrimination.

Industrialization (1800s)

The event largely responsible for changes in women's roles in the 1800s.

Nineteenth Amendment

A constitutional measure that granted women the right to vote.

Congressional Amendment

The method through which women acquired the voting rights shown in the suffrage protest illustration.