Chem Study

Scientific method

A systematic problem-solving approach to investigate questions and phenomena through controlled experimentation.

Sequential steps of the scientific method

1. Ask a question, 2. Form a hypothesis, 3. Conduct an experiment, 4. Analyze results, 5. Draw a conclusion.

Qualitative observation

A descriptive finding gathered through the senses that does not involve numbers or measurements.

Quantitative observation

A finding or data point expressed through exact numbers, measurements, or counts.

Hypothesis

A proposed, testable explanation or prediction for an observed phenomenon.

Scientific theory

A broad, highly supported explanation of natural phenomena based on extensive experimental evidence.

Scientific model

A physical, conceptual, or mathematical representation of an object or system used to facilitate explanation and understanding.

Quantity

A physical property or characteristic that can be measured, such as length, time, or temperature.

Measurement unit

A standardized magnitude of a physical property used as a factor to express measured values.

Measurement standard

An officially agreed-upon physical reference or benchmark used to define measurement units.

SI base unit of length

Meter ($m$)

SI base unit of mass

Kilogram ($kg$)

SI base unit of time

Second ($s$)

SI derived unit of volume

Cubic meter ($m^3$)

SI derived unit of density

Kilograms per cubic meter ($kg/m^3$)

Mass

The invariant measure of the total amount of matter contained within an object.

Weight

The measure of the gravitational force exerted downward upon an object.

Density equation

$D = \frac{m}{V}$, where $D$ is density, $m$ is mass, and $V$ is volume.

Conversion factor

A numerical ratio equal to $1$ that expresses equivalence between two different units.

Dimensional analysis

A problem-solving strategy that uses conversion factors to cancel out unwanted units to solve for desired units.

Prefix kilo-

Symbol: $k$, meaning $1000$ ($10^3$)

Prefix hecto-

Symbol: $h$, meaning $100$ ($10^2$)

Prefix deka-

Symbol: $da$, meaning $10$ ($10^1$)

Prefix deci-

Symbol: $d$, meaning $0.1$ ($10^{-1}$)

Prefix centi-

Symbol: $c$, meaning $0.01$ ($10^{-2}$)

Prefix milli-

Symbol: $m$, meaning $0.001$ ($10^{-3}$)

Scientific method

A systematic problem-solving approach to investigate questions and phenomena through controlled experimentation.

Sequential steps of the scientific method

1. Ask a question, 2. Form a hypothesis, 3. Conduct an experiment, 4. Analyze results, 5. Draw a conclusion.

Qualitative observation

A descriptive finding gathered through the senses that does not involve numbers or measurements.

Quantitative observation

A finding or data point expressed through exact numbers, measurements, or counts.

Hypothesis

A proposed, testable explanation or prediction for an observed phenomenon.

Scientific theory

A broad, highly supported explanation of natural phenomena based on extensive experimental evidence.

Scientific model

A physical, conceptual, or mathematical representation of an object or system used to facilitate explanation and understanding.

Quantity

A physical property or characteristic that can be measured, such as length, time, or temperature.

Measurement unit

A standardized magnitude of a physical property used as a factor to express measured values.

Measurement standard

An officially agreed-upon physical reference or benchmark used to define measurement units.

SI base unit of length

Meter ($m$)

SI base unit of mass

Kilogram ($kg$)

SI base unit of time

Second ($s$)

SI derived unit of volume

Cubic meter ($m^3$)

SI derived unit of density

Kilograms per cubic meter ($kg/m^3$)

Mass

The invariant measure of the total amount of matter contained within an object.

Weight

The measure of the gravitational force exerted downward upon an object.

Density equation

$D = \frac{m}{V}$, where $D$ is density, $m$ is mass, and $V$ is volume.

Conversion factor

A numerical ratio equal to $1$ that expresses equivalence between two different units.

Dimensional analysis

A problem-solving strategy that uses conversion factors to cancel out unwanted units to solve for desired units.

Prefix kilo-

Symbol: $k$, meaning $1000$ ($10^3$)

Prefix hecto-

Symbol: $h$, meaning $100$ ($10^2$)

Prefix deka-

Symbol: $da$, meaning $10$ ($10^1$)

Prefix deci-

Symbol: $d$, meaning $0.1$ ($10^{-1}$)

Prefix centi-

Symbol: $c$, meaning $0.01$ ($10^{-2}$)

Prefix milli-

Symbol: $m$, meaning $0.001$ ($10^{-3}$)