HOSA Sports Medicine

Abe I got u

power,

agility, balance, reaction time)

2. Periodization approach to conditioning that brings about the peak

performance while reducing injuries and overtraining

in the athlete through a conditioning program that is

followed throughout the various seasons

3. SAID principle (specific adaptation

to imposed demands)

States that when the body is subjected to stresses and

overloads of varying intensities, it will gradually adapt

to overcome whatever demands are placed on it, and

in doing so, minimize the potential for injury.

4. training effect An increase in functional capacity of muscles and other

bodily tissues as a result of increased stress (overload)

placed upon them.

5. overload principle Standard which states that gradual increase of a physical demand on the body will improve fitness. To see

improvement in any physiological component, the system must work harder than it is accustomed to working.

Gradually the system will adapt to imposed demands.

6. Warm up and cool down An element to be considered when designing a training

session.

The preparation of the body for rigorous activity

(warm-up).

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The gradual decrease of activity at the end of a training

session to promote recovery (cool-down).

7. Flexibility The ability to move your body parts through their full

range of motion

8. Range of Motion (ROM) the movement of a joint to the extent possible without

causing pain

9. Agonist muscle muscles directly engaged in contraction as related to

muscles that relax at the same time

10. antagonist muscle Muscles that counteract the action of the agonist muscle.

11. ballastic stretching Bouncing movement in which repetitive contractions of

the agonist muscle are used to produce quick stretches

of the antagonist muscle.

12. dynamic stretching stretching done in continuous, slow, and controlled

manner

13. static stretching extremely effective and most widely used technique

of stretching. Involves passively stretching a muscle by

placing it in a maximal position of stretch and holding

it for an extended time (15 to 30 seconds)

14. Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF)

stretching techniques that involve combinations of alternating contractions and stretches

15. Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness

(DOMS)

muscle pain that follows participation in a particularly

long or strenuous activity, begins 24-72 hours later, and

involves multiple, microscopic tears in the muscle tissue

that cause inflammation, pain, swelling, and stiffness

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16. trigger point area of tenderness in a tight band of muscle

17. Core Stabilization Exercises with little to no motion of the spine and pelvis

used to improve neuromuscular efficiency and intervertebral stability

18. isometric exercise activity that uses muscle tension to improve muscular

strength with little or no movement of the body part

19. Progressive Resistance Exercise

(PRE)

Exercise that increases resistance (overload) until you

have the amount of muscle fitness you want; also called

progressive resistance training (PRT).

20. Circuit Training Type of physical activity program in which the person

performs a group exercises in a sequence with brief

rests between exercises

21. isokinetic exercise Resistance is given at a fixed velocity of movement with

accommodating resistance

22. plyometric exercise uses a quick eccentric stretch of the muscle to facilitate

a concentric contraction

23. Muscle strength The maximum force that can be applied by a muscle

during a single maximum contraction

24. Endurance the ability of the body to undergo prolonged activity

25. Power the ability to generate force against some resistance

very rapidly

26. Body weight exercises exercises done using body weight as resistance neuromuscular control, power, and muscle endurance

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27. Functional Strength Training Technique used to improve muscular strength and

neuromuscular control

28. Proprioception the unconscious perception of movement and spatial

orientation arising from stimuli within the body itself

29. Neuromuscular control unconscious trained response of a muscle to a signal

regarding dynamic joint stability

30. cardiorespiratory endurance the ability to perform whole-body, large-muscle activities for extended periods of time without undue fatigue

31. Maximum aerobic capacity (VO2

max)

the greatest rate at which oxygen can be taken in and

used during exercise

32. Cardiac Output (CO) Amount of blood pumped in 1 minute (~5 L)

33. Stroke Volume (SV) The amount of blood pumped out of the heart with

each contraction.

34. aerobic metabolism a type of energy metabolism known as cellular respiration; requires oxygen

35. anaerobic metabolism The metabolism that takes place in the absence of oxygen; the main by-product is lactic acid.

36. Continuous training a technique that uses exercises performed at the same

level of intensity for long periods

37. High-intensity interval training

(HIIT)