Language change concepts and theories grid sheet

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8 Terms

1
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What are the 3 metaphors for language change

Damp Spoon

Crumbling Castle

Infectious Disease

2
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What does the Damp Spoon metaphor suggest

Language change is borne out of laziness

3
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What does the Crumbling Castle metaphor suggest

That there was once a gold standard of language and we are now ruining it

4
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What does the Infectious Disease metaphor suggest

“Bad” language spreads when used and makes language worse

5
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David Crystals’ tidal metaphor for language change

Trying to stop language change is impossible - “It would be easier to stop the tide coming in”

6
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What is the functional view of language change

Language changes to meet the needs of its users e.g. “lockdown” during covid

7
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What is Charles Hockett’s Random Fluctuation Theory

Language change can occur due to random errors and events e.g. 67

8
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What is James and Leslie Milroy’s Complaint Tradition idea

There will always be people who complain about language change