Nutrition Modules 4-6

What are carbohydrates?

One of the three macronutrients

Glucose

The most abundant carbohydrate

Simple carbohydrate

Contain one or two molecules

Monosaccharides

Glucose, Fructose, Galactose, Ribose

Disaccharides

Lactose, Maltose, Sucrose

Glucose + Galactose

Lactose

Glucose + Glucose

Maltose

Glucose + Fructose

Sucrose

Starch

Storage form of glucose in plants

Glycogen

Storage form of glucose in animals

Fiber

Forms the support structures of leaves, stems, and plants

Dietary fiber

The nondigestible part of plants

Functional fiber

nondigestible form of carbohydrates with known health benefits

Total fiber

Dietary + Functional fiber

Soluble fiber

Dissolves in water, Viscous and fermentable

Insoluble fibers

Don’t dissolve in water

1 gram of carbohydrates is equal to _kcal

4

Red blood cells ONLY rely on _____ (macronutrient) for energy supply

carbohydrates

Energy

Energy intake from carbohydrates prevents production of ketones

Pancreatic amylase

Enzyme produces in the pancreas and secreted in the small intestine

Enzymes that line the walls of the small intestine

Maltase, Sucrase, Lactase