Lab 5 ppt

oxygen is used as ___________ in aerobic respiration

terminal electron acceptor

_______ use oxygen

aerobes

_________ dont use oxygen

anaerobes

what does the electron transport chain do

generates energy in the form of ATP

the electron transport chain creates a _________ gradient

proton

proton force powers...

ATP synthase

oxygen is extremely ________

reactive

oxygen metabolism can lead to generation of...

reactive oxygen species

ROS cause _________ ______

oxidative stress

examples of ROS

superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radical

ROS can damage various parts of the cell such as...

proteins, lipids, DNA

examples of aerobic microbes

neisseria, p. fluorescens, mycobacterium leprae, rhizobium

examples of anaerobic microbes

a. tolulyticus, bacteroides, clostridium, actinomyces

examples of facultative anaerobes

e. coli, s. ceravisiae, b. anthracis, cholerae, staph

examples of microaerophiles

h. pylori, lactobacillus, complyobactor

obligate aerobes

require oxygen for metabolism

facultative anaerobes

can use oxygen, but can switch to anaerobic pathways without it

aerotolerant anaerobes

dont require oxygen, but doesnt harm them

microaerophiles

need oxygen at a lower level than atmospheric concentration

capnophiles

Microbes that require high CO2 conditions

obligate anaerobes

oxygen is lethal

fluid thioglycolate media

used for growing organisms of varying oxygen tolerances

fluid thioglycolate media provides an _______ _______

oxygen gradient

_________ is the indicator for oxygen in fluid thioglycolate

resazurin

resazurin turns ________ with presence of oxygen

red/pink

organisms used in thiogylcolate experiment

a. faecalis, c. sporogenes, s. epidermidis

Alcaligenes faecalis is a ...

obligate aerobe

Clostridium sporogenes is a ...

obligate anaerobe

Staphylococcus epidermidis is a ...

facultative anaerobe

which microbe that we used is a mutualistic microbe of the human microbiota?

Clostridium sporogenes

Clostridium sporogenes converts _______ _______ amino acid into ___________

dietary tryptophan, IPA (3-indolespropionic acid)

IPA is an ____________

antioxidant

high IPA in the blood strongly correlates with...

reduced risk for brain cancer, dementia, memory loss, cerebral ischemia, Alzheimer's

can humans naturally produce IPA?

no

what is the anaerobic jar used for

used for growing anaerobes, microaerophiles, or capnophiles

the air that we breath is ____% O2 and ___% CO2

21%, 0.04%

the anaerobic jar contains ______ ________ to remove oxygen

chemical catalysts

the anaerobic jar uses an indicator strip of...

methylene blue or resazurin

the indicator strips turn blue/pink when __________, and colorless when _______

oxidized, reduced

the indicators are placed as __________ in the anaerobic jar

strips

organisms used in anaerobic jar

a. faecalis, c sporegenes, s. epidermidis