Multi technology level

Basic mechanisms

1. Evolution:  One technology evolves naturally from the other

2. Discipline:  Technologies same technological principles

3. Competition:  Technologies competing with each other

4. Complement:  Technologies are complementary

5. Supply:  Technology as component

Evolution

One technology evolves naturally from the other

Digital twin example

Discipline

Technologies same technological principles

• What is it?
  How does it emerge?
  How does it evolve?
  The case of Quantum technology

• Technology = technical principle + functionality + components

• Traditional discipline = field of knowledge, practices and technologies (e.g. electronics, nuclear physics, solid state physics, ..)

• Discipline = group of technologies

  • principles in common (e.g. quantum technology, genetic engineering)

Competition

Technologies competing with each other

1. within product type (brands of turbines)

2. within technology (different turbine types)

3. within industry (solar energy)

4. across industries (fish farms against wind turbines at sea)

Complement & Supply

Technologies are complementary

Pavitt (1984) Sectoral patterns of technical change

Where does innovation come from in different industries?

1. Supplier dominated technical change:

2. Production intensive technical change:

3. Science base technical change:

Implications

• Invention do not fall from the sky (or magic inventors). Transfer of knowledge and technology across markets/domains.

• Pointing at interesting actors to focus on

Basic mechanisms expanded

1. Transfer of technology from one domain/context to another (?)

2. Convergence of different technologies in one new combined technology (?)(mobile phone as phone, compass, watch, game console, etc)(hybrid combinations of technology)