AP Gov Executive Branch

Legislative Checks Executive

Veto override, impeachment power, approval of appointments, approval of budget, treaty ratification

Executive checks legislative

Veto power, executive orders, calling special sessions of Congress, Vice President Tie-breaking vote (Senate)

Judicial checks executive

Judicial review, judicial independence (life terms), determining extent of executive privilege

Executive checks judicial

Appointing judges, granting pardons, reprieves

Patronage

Practice of giving government jobs to political supporters based on loyalty (spoils system)

Merit System

Process of hiring and promoting government employees based on qualifications and skills (replaces Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act)

Delegated discretionary authority

Power Congress gives to federal agencies to decide how to implement and enforce laws using judgement within limits of law. EXAMPLE: environmental protection agency

12th Amendment

Ticket put both President and VP to be elected together

20th amendment

Lame duck period

22nd amendment

Limits pres tenure to 2 terms

23rd amend may

Gives electors to Washington DC

25th amendment

Presidental line of succession

Formal powers

Explicitly granted in the Constitution. Enforce laws, nominate officals, appoint supreme court and fed judges, appoint ambassadors, veto/pocket veto/pass bills, recommend legislation, make treaties, commander in chief, grant pardons, State of Union Address

Informal powers

Powers of president not listed in Constitution. Executive agreements, executive orders, signing statements, bargaining, executive privilege

Chief executive

Acts as head of executive branch, overseeing enforcement of laws and directs federal bureaucracy

Chief Diplomat

President represents the US in foreign relations and relations with foreign leaders

Chief Legislator

Shaping legislation by proposing bills, signing and vetoing laws passed by Congress

Commander in Chief

Top military authority

Party leader

Shape party policies, maintain unity

Iron Triangle

Mutual benefit relationship between congressional committees, gov agencies, and interest groups

War Powers Resolution

Requires president to notify congress within 48 hours of deploying troops. Limits military action to 60 days without congressional approval

Bully pulpit

Presidents ability to use the visibility and influence of the president to shape public opinion and build support for policies EXAMPLE: State of Union Address

Presidents Cabinet

Department of Agriculture, Commerce, Defense, Education, Energy, Health and Human Services, Housing and Urban Development, Interior, Justice, Labor, State, Transportation, Treasury, Veteran Affairs

Cabinet level departments

15 deparments, each with a head that serves to advise the president

Federal agencies

Government organizations implementing and enforcing the laws and policies

Regulatory agencies

Created and empowered by Congress to monitor particular industries and enforce unique laws

Executive Office of the President

National security council, council of economic advisors, office of management and budget, White House staff

Fed 70

Argues for a single energtic executive to ensure effective leadership, unity to promote strength and speed. Warns that multiple executive would lead to conflict and weakened authority. Single president makes it easier to hold one person responsible for actions and decisions.

How bureaucracy is held accountable

System of checks and balances involving 3 branches of government and oversight, presidential control, judicial review

Hatch Act

Nonpartisan administration (ensure federal programs are run fairly) merit employment

Brutus 1

Anti fed essay written by Robert Yates to oppose the ratification of the US Constitution.

Fed 70 essay evidence

Written by Hamiliton.

-More effective (creates accountability, having 1 leader creates more space for citizens to see the wrong actions of the president. Shows Congress what to impeach more easily)

Fed 51

James Madison

-core concept of using checks and balances to divide power to impeach the president

-the divison of the legislature stated in the Constitution seperates Congress into the Senate and House of Representatives, creating a 2 step impeachment process

-House of Representatives holds the power to impeach a president (STEP 1)

-the Senate judicialy rules and reviews the impeachment statement made by the House of Representatives to make a final decision. (STEP 2)

Opposing viewpoint of essay

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