CH 13 eco (still need to go through slides and book)

(+)

positive benefit

always used in combinations of 2

(-)

negative impact (negative impact could be something like injury or just having to expend energy)

always used in combinations of 2

(0)

neutral (no benefit or harm)

always used in combinations of 2

+/+

mutualism (both benefit)

+/-

predation, parasitism (one benefit, one harmed)

-/-

competition (even if you win you use a bunch of energy)

+/0

commensalism (one benefits, one nothing happens, like human and racoons, racoons get trash while humans don't really benefit or are harmed)

-/0

amensalism (one is harmed the other doesn’t really have anything happen to them)

0/0

neutralism (neither really has anything happen to them)

intraspecific competition

within a species

intraspecific sexual selection drives intraspecific competition -/-

interspecific competition

between multiple species -/-

interference competition

requires direct interactions with two individuals in a population/or like 2 herds so metapopulations i guess (like two rams headbutting each other for a female) -/-

resource competition

anything that's indirect like food shelter or water (like a bunch of different plants competing for space or whatever)

competitive exclusion principle

species that have the exact same niche cannot coexist in the same space indefinitely, there will eventually be displacement, the worse kind of displacement is extinction

fundamental niche

anywhere an organism CAN live

realized niche

is anywhere an organism DOES live

write down that thing about galls and insects on like slide 2 or 3

symbioses occurs…

when most of life cycle of one organism occurs in/on another

parasites

they don’t kill their host because they need them for resources (if host die due to parasite its secondary, like if you don’t get enough nutrition and die it wasn’t the tapeworm itself killing you)

Interspecific competition among plants (get this slide from the power point)

negative correlation (self-thinning) (look at the two plant names on those graphs and put them here)

when a line goes down left to right on a graph

Intraspecific competition among planthoppers

get from the slide

intraspecific competition among terrestrial isopods (Rolly Polly)

get from slides, high densities=aggregation

parasitoids

do kill their host (like wasp lay eggs in catapillers)

dont memorize the equations in this chapter

Lotka-Volterra

Intraspecific competition is the driver

if this isn’t the case then ….

Don’t worry about Lotka-Volterra graphs