L19 (Oxidative phosphorylation)

Energy transfer

Electron transfer generates power which pumps can use to pump protons to intracellular space. energy can be lost as heat, maintains body temp.

ETC

NADH ➡ 1, 4 H pumped through. e sent to q.

FADH2➡2. no h pumped. e to q

Q sends e to 3, 4 h pumped.

E to cytC, then to 4

2 h pumped at 4, e to o and water is formed.

Chemiosmosis

ATP synthase pumps h down gradient, ~4 h needed for 1 ATP, produces 1 H2O per 1 ATP

1 NADH= 2.5 ATP

1 FADH2= 1.5 ATP

electron transfer/ standard reduction potential

ΔG°’ = - n F ΔE´o, if E is neg, lose e. if E is positive, gain e.

essentially moves from most neg to least neg E

Complex 1 inhibitor

Rotenone, amytal

complex 3 inhibitor

amtimycin A

complex 4 inhibitor

cyanide, carbon monoxide, azide

ATP synthase inhibitor

oligomycin

uncouplers

disrupt the h gradient by moving them back with gradient, therefore can also affect atp synthase activity

ATP synthase

h binds to TM portion causing rotation of rotor,

rotor then rotates rotator shaft,

rotator shaft causes conformational changes that drive ATP synthesis in catalytic subunit