Poultry Science Midterm Study Guide

In the testes, sperm formation is stimulated by which hormone? (No acronyms)

Follicle-stimulating hormone

Sperm maturation occurs in the…

Epididymis

What are the primary reproductive organs in the female chicken?

Ovary (left ovary) and oviduct (left oviduct)

The ___ and ___ constitute the central nervous system.

Brain and spinal cord

The ___ protects the brain.

Skull

The ___ protects the spinal cord.

Vertebral column

The liver converts waste products of nitrogen metabolism into…

Uric acid

The ___ is the only part of the respiratory tract capable of producing sound.

Syrinx

Which biological system regulates all organs of the body?

Nervous system

___ supplies the red color of blood.

Hemoglobin

Bile is produced in the…

Liver

Bile is necessary for the absorption of which nutrient?

Fats / lipids

Monogastric animals like chickens depend on ___ to break down complex food molecules.

Digestive enzymes / digestive juices

A coat of material deposited on the eggshell in the vagina is called…

Cuticle

The two major gonadotropic hormones that play a role in both male and female reproduction are… (No acronyms)

Luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone

The autonomic nervous system is divided into the…

Sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system

The ___ on the surface of the yolk ruptures at ovulation, releasing the ovum.

Stigma

This hormone causes the ovaries to develop and increase in size. (No acronyms)

Follicle-stimulating hormone

The two major gonadotropic hormones are secreted in which endocrine gland?

Anterior pituitary gland (adenohypophysis)

The main function of the ___ in egg development is forming the hard shell.

Uterus (shell gland)

During development, the egg rotates in this section of the reproductive tract:

Vagina

Describe one major difference between mammalian and avian red blood cells.

Avian red blood cells are nucleated (contain a nucleus) and oval-shaped, whereas mature mammalian red blood cells lack a nucleus (anucleated) and are biconcave discs.

Name the nine air sacs in the chicken:

1. Cervical air sacs (pair)

2. Anterior thoracic air sacs (pair)

3. Posterior thoracic air sacs (pair)

4. Abdominal air sacs (pair)

5. Interclavicular air sac (single)

Which air sac is the largest?

Abdominal air sacs

What are the three main comb types in chicken?

Single comb, Rose comb, Pea comb (or Walnut comb)

Which feathers are found in the wing and tail of the bird?

Contour / Flight feathers

Wing feathers are separated into three groups. Name them.

1. Primary feathers

2. Secondary feathers

3. Coverts (or Tertiary feathers)

List three ways humans use down feathers from the chicken.

1. Insulation

2. Bedding

3. Sleeping bags

Name three pigments that determine feather color.

1. Melanin

2. Carotenoids

3. Porphyrins

Why is it necessary to grade eggs by size before putting them in the incubator?

To ensure a more uniform hatch and even heat distribution during incubation.

T/F: Leukocytes are involved in the body's defense against diseases.

TRUE

T/F: White light is recommended for poultry houses.

FALSE

T/F: The female chicken has one functional ovary.

TRUE (The left ovary)

T/F: Continuous lighting is recommended for all poultry.

FALSE

T/F: The sympathetic nervous system functions in actions requiring quick responses ('fight or flight').

TRUE

T/F: Chickens produce less semen volume compared to turkeys.

FALSE

T/F: Turkey semen has a higher sperm concentration than chicken semen.

TRUE

T/F: Erythrocytes are far more numerous than leukocytes.

TRUE

T/F: The spleen acts as a reservoir for red blood cells.

TRUE

T/F: Chickens have a urinary bladder.

FALSE

T/F: The autonomic nervous system maintains homeostasis in the internal environment.

TRUE

T/F: The arterial system takes newly oxygenated blood to target cells.

TRUE

T/F: The gizzard is the major area for absorption, while the small intestine is primarily for mechanical grinding.

FALSE (Small intestine is for absorption; gizzard is for mechanical grinding)

T/F: Birds are extremely sensitive to photoperiod.

TRUE

T/F: Bile is produced in the gallbladder.

FALSE (Bile is produced in the liver)

Name the five types of white blood cells found in avian blood:

1. Heterophils

2. Eosinophils

3. Basophils

4. Lymphocytes

5. Monocytes

Which part of the digestive system forms an outpouching of the esophagus?

Crop

Where in the digestive tract would fibrous material get fermented?

Ceca

Which statement is NOT correct about leukocytes?

Is the liquid portion of blood

Which organ secretes digestive juices that neutralize acid secretions?

Pancreas

The thin membrane surrounding the yolk is called:

Vitelline membrane

Which statement is NOT TRUE for estrogen?

Stimulates hypothalamus to secrete hormones

Hormones have controlling effects on:

Behavior, Growth, and Appearance

Another name for the anterior pituitary is…

Adenohypophysis

Another name for the posterior pituitary is…

Neurohypophysis

Name the breed of duck mostly used for meat production.

Pekin duck (Peking duck)

Name two duck breeds that are top egg producers.

1. Khaki Campbell

2. Indian Runner

Why is it important for the trays in the setter to rotate periodically while the eggs are being incubated?

To prevent the developing embryo from sticking to the inner shell membrane and to ensure uniform heating across all eggs.

Four functions of blood:

a. Transports oxygen to body cells (and CO2 to lungs)

b. Transports nutrients to cells and tissues

c. Regulates body temperature

d. Transports hormones, metabolites, and waste products

Function of Parathyroid Gland (Parathormone / PTH):

Regulates calcium deposition and mobilization from bones for eggshell formation.

Function of Thyroid Gland (Thyroxine T4 / Triiodothyronine T3):

Regulates heat production, metabolic rate, growth, skin and feather development.

Function of Islets of Langerhans (Insulin / Glucagon):

Regulates sugar metabolism and blood glucose levels.

Function of Ultimobranchial body (Calcitonin):

Reduces calcium levels in the blood.

List three major veins of the avian circulatory system:

1. Jugular vein

2. Brachial vein

3. Pectoral vein

List three major arteries of the avian circulatory system:

1. Carotid artery

2. Brachial artery

3. Pectoral artery

Female reproductive tract in order

1. Ovary

2. Infundibulum

3. Magnum

4. Isthmus

5. Uterus (Shell Gland)

6. Vagina

7. Cloaca / Vent