Nursing Exam 2 Review: Cardiovascular, Respiratory, and Abdominal Assessment

What is the purpose of auscultating bowel sounds?

To assess a pattern of bowel sounds which indicates peristaltic activity.

What are normal bowel sounds per minute?

5-34 clicks/gurgles per minute.

What does borborygmus indicate?

Loud, gurgling sounds made by the movement of gas through the intestines.

What should be done if bowel sounds are absent?

Do not feed the patient.

What is the purpose of palpating for costovertebral angle tenderness?

To assess tenderness or inflammation of the kidney.

What indicates normal findings when assessing costovertebral angle tenderness?

Elicits no pain.

What are the pulse point locations?

Brachial, Radial, Popliteal, Dorsalis pedis, Posterior tibial.

What are the symptoms of Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD)?

Numbness, tingling in the legs, cyanosis, throbbing pain with walking, no hair growth.

What are the symptoms of Peripheral Vascular Disease (PVD)?

Erythema, edema, drainage, varicose veins.

What are the signs of Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)?

Edema in one leg, pain or tenderness in the calf, warm skin, red or discolored skin.

What does S1 heart sound indicate?

Closure of mitral and tricuspid valves.

What does S2 heart sound indicate?

Closure of pulmonic and aortic valves.

What is a bruit?

A swooshing sound associated with turbulent blood flow due to narrowing or obstruction of an artery.

What is a thrill in cardiac assessment?

A vibration felt with the palm of the hand.

What is a heave in cardiac assessment?

A pulsation or thrust visible on the chest wall.

What are modifiable risk factors for hypertension?

Obesity, smoking, alcohol abuse, physical inactivity, high sodium diet.

What are signs of tissue ischemia?

Coldness, weakness in legs, severe pain, numbness, shiny smooth skin, sores that won't heal.

What is cellulitis?

A common bacterial skin infection characterized by redness, warmth, swelling, and pain.

What is the function of the lymphatic system?

To remove fluid, harmful bacteria, and viruses from the bloodstream.

What are concerning signs of lymph nodes?

Nodes that are hard, fixed, and matted without an identifiable cause.

What are normal lung sounds?

Bronchial, Bronchovesicular, and Vesicular sounds.

What does asymmetrical expansion of the lungs indicate?

Possible pneumonia, airway obstruction, or lung pathology.

What does barrel chest indicate?

A condition often associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

What are abnormal breath sounds associated with pneumonia?

Rhonchi and crackles.

What is the significance of diminished breath sounds?

Indicates poor air movement or increased density of the chest wall.

What is the recommended action for a patient with shortness of breath?

Assess for labored breathing, difficulty talking, and use of accessory muscles.

What is the importance of Healthy People 2030 regarding smoking?

It emphasizes the need to avoid smoking as a major cause of respiratory disease and cancer.

How do you calculate pack years for smoking?

Packs a day multiplied by years smoked.