Intro to Theology Exam 2

Korah and Abiram

two men who led an uprising against Moses, led to the death of 15,000 people before Moses mediates

cause of wandering in the desert, length

Israel complained and rebelled against Moses multiple times, forced to wander in the desert for 40 years as a result of an idolatrous lack of trust

the death of Moses and his final predictions

Moses dies with the promised land in sight, predicts a new prophet, a new temple, and a new king

what is the significance of Moses dying before entering the promised land

symbolizes the fact that he is not the final mediator or the final law

what is Joshua leading the Israelites into the Promised land a type for

Christ on the Cross leading us to Heaven

significance of the battle for Jericho

they march around jericho once every day for 6 days, and then 7 times on the 7th day, symbolizing a new creation, but then the Israelites immediately break their covenant with God and loot Jericho

what is the Qahal at Sechem and the 6 parts of a qahal

Joshua renews the covenant at sechem

1. convocation of the people by God

2. preparatory purification/fasting

3. reading of God’s Word to the people

4. repentance of People and acceptance of Law

5. ratificatory sacrifice

6. result: collective identity created/renewed

why did israel need a king even though they had judges? what kind of king did they demand?

israel had descended into chaos and the judges could not enforce the law, they demanded an earthly king

what was samuel’s warning about kings?

having a king will backfire and they will essentially be reduced to slaves again by the king who is supposed to uphold the law and be just

why did God permit the Israelites to have a king?

he allowed it as an allegory for His kingship, how he reigns over everything, all is His

Gerhardus Vos: 3 observations on kingdoms

1. kingdoms are realms (the property of the king), not communities

2. therefore, kingdoms for the King’s Good, not as commonwealths

3. kingdoms are social: the king’s majesty rules over all social interactions

who were the first three kings of Israel

Saul, David, Solomon

how did Saul fail as a king?

he was prideful and tried to control everything, even to the point of relying of dark arts

how long did David reign

7 years over Judah and 33 years over all of Israel

What does it mean for the king to be Messiah, what does Messiah mean in greek and english?

the king is anointed, not crowned: messiah=Christos=anointed

what are the four promises of the Davidic covenant

1. the kingdom shall know peace

2. the king shall be like a son to God

3. the king’s throne shall be perpetual

4. the king is allowed to build a temple

what is the significance of the Temple? Who built it

Israel moves closer to becoming a holy land, the Israelites could dwell intimately with God in a liturgical fashion; it was built by king David

who conquered the Northern Kingdom and what did they become

Assyria conquered the N. kingdom and when they had intermarried the Northern Israelites became the Samaritans

what happened to Judah after the split of the kingdom of Israel?

they were conquered by the Babylonians and went into exile, the temple was destroyed

who was hosea sent to? who was isaiah sent to?

hosea preached in the northern kingdom, isaiah preached in the southern kingdom (Judah)

describe the Canaanite religion and temple prostitution

the canaanites worshiped false gods (Baal and Anet) in a fertility cult, accomplished through ritual re-enactment of intercourse, the temple of Baal had prosititutes

did Hosea marry a ho? what are the three positions

1. yes

2. no, just a symbol

3. it was a discovery, infidelity after the fact of marriage
   
   

what are the significance of the names of Hosea’s children?

the names are a metaphor of God redeeming Israel and drawing them back to himself

what is the twofold nature of Israel’s infidelity?

1. they are personally immoral

2. they are immoral as a society

universal destination of goods and the virtue of industriousness

thing must be directed towards the common good, God intends the goods of creation to serve the needs of all people; industriousness then is not just working hard, but effort directed towards a worthwhile purpose

what are the four catholic objections to communism

1. part of the nature of work is to make enough money to invest in capital

2. a profit motive is necessary to motivate workers

3. moral authority of mother/father is rooted in their sacrifices for their children, communism takes that away

4. it is highly correlated with materialism and atheism

what are the 8 basic themes of Second Isaiah?

1. God’s word is all powerful and eternal

2. God will show mercy and forgiveness: God’s power and might for mercy, not judgment

3. because of God’s Mercy, trust in a new future, not a devastated past

4. a new exodus, from Babylon

5. YHWH is the Redeemer of Israel

6. a new creation is coming

7. God’s plan extends to all nations

8. to do this, the LORD will raise up a servant

what is the significance of Leviticus 25:47-55

it basically says relatives must buy back other relatives sold into slavery, they must “redeem” their relatives: God redeems us

the role of israel to the nations

as dr. salzmann

to bring forth justice

role of the suffering servant (Is. 42:1-4)

isaiah as a “fifth gospel”, who will save israel?

it contains a lot of description of the “suffering servant” that is very clearly prophesying about Christ, the Messiah is the one who will save Israel

who returns the Jews at the end of the babylonian exile and helps rebuid the temple?

King Cyrus and the Persians

what is the succession of rulers over Israel following the babylonian exile

persians, then greeks, then romans

what were the four types of jews during the second temple period

1. sadduccees: priests in charge of the temple who cooperated with ruling forces for limited authority

2. essenes: totally rejected sadduccees and viewed their temple as corrupt

3. zealots: totally reject cooperation with occupying forces and thought God would assist in their armed political revolt

4. pharisees: accepted validity of second temple and try to live law of Moses in more intense way

how does Jesus recapitulate the Hebrews’ experience of God in the new testament?

1. many (apparently conflicting) images of God in OT

2. the many images of God

3. Christ sums up all the aspects of the God the Hebrews experienced

4. therefore the early Christians recognize Jesus Christ in the same God experienced by the Hebrews

What are the three parts of Christology?

1. Priest: Hosea

2. Prophet: Matthew

3. King (LORD): John

what are the three stages of Gospel Formation

1. public ministry of Jesus of Nazareth (30-33 AD)

2. kerygmic preaching about Jesus (33-60 AD)

3. composition of Gospels based on the preaching and Logia (60-100 AD)

implications of the Gospel’s process of formation

1. the Gospels aren’t just an account of Jesus’ life

2. the text is shaped to make theological points about Jesus’ life

3. the gospels are meant to bring people to faith and so historical scholarship alone isn’t enough, we need spirit

why was Jesus baptized and what was the significance of the voice at His baptism

1. shows Jesus’ profound solidarity with His sinful people

2. foreshadows Jesus’ burial in Tomb and rising to Life

3. reveals nature of Jesus’ mission: He is Son of Man and Suffering Servant

the voice fulfills: Ps 2:7 + Is 42 = Mt 3:17 (“You are my son” + “with whom I am well pleased”)

sermon on the Mount and Jesus as Lawgiver

parallel with Mt. Sinai: Jesus gives a new law in the beatitudes, Jesus preaches with authority, appearing to correct God’s law

what are the three ways that Jesus differs from the expected Messiah

1. he never encouraged Jewish nationalism

2. he never calls for rebellion against Roman occupiers

   1. the never talks about the restoration of the monarchy

how do miracles show the “kingdom power” of God

the kingdom power: the acts (miracles) by which the kingdom is established

How was Jesus a Victim/Paschal Lamb?

John the Baptist: “Behold the Lamb of God”, Jesus is the fulfillment of the type of the Passover lamb, He goes willingly into His Passion

Presbyter vs Heiros/Sacerdos

presbyter means elder, heiros/sacerdos means priest, the one who offers sacrifice and mediation

roles of the Levitical High priest in Second Temple Judaism

1. picks lamb on the day of preparation

   1. priest slaughters the lamb

Jesus as High Priest

Jesus meets criteria of high priest, but is not a levitical priest, He is a priest in the order of Melchizedek. His sacrifice is the one true reconciliatory sacrifice of Himself on the cross, and in Heaven he offers prayers of Mediation on our behalf

recall the three steps of a covenant sacrifice

1. immolation

2. sacrificial offering and banquet

3. sign of divine acceptance

primary, secondary, and tertiary senses of heiros

1. primary sense: sacramental character and priestly capacitation

2. secondary sense: those who possess the baptismal and confirmational character

   1. tertiary: those who possess the Sacerdotal Character (in persona christi capitis)

John 1 and “The Word” (how is it related to Isaiah)

book of Isaiah says salvation will come through the Davidic king who is a suffering servant and the direct action fo God’s all-powerful “Word”; John calls Jesus the “Word”, which does not just mean a command, but it a person

How does Jesus replace the Sabbath?

sabbath is a day of rest to worship God, jesus heals on the sabbath, criticized for it, says “my father is at work until now, so I AM at work”.

Jesus and the feast of Sukkot

Sukkot was the 7 day feast of the booths when the priests poured water of the Temple Altar, Jesus says “whoever believes in me, as scripture says ‘rivers of living water will flow from within him’”; we need the Spirit to live, but only Jesus can give the Spirit

Jesus and Hannakah

hannakah celebration of temple’s rededication with 8 day miracle of the lamp and oil, on that feast Jesus says he gives eternal live and those He gives it to shall not perish, he and the father are one: jesus is one with the father who gives him life and we are one with Jesus, dependent on him for life

Jesus and the vine: being in a state of grace

Jesus is LORD and draws life from the Father, we are Jesus’ in that we draw our life from jesus; we are in a state of grace when we are able to receive this life from Jesus

Jesus and the bread of life discourse (Jesus as New Manna, how Catholics believe we eat this bread in two ways, the lord’s prayer: daily vs epiousion)

1. Jesus as the Bread of Life replaces Passover,

2. Jesus feeds us the bread in two ways, through the Wisdom of the Word and through the Eucharist

3. “daily bread” in Lord’s Prayer comes from greek epiousion which really means “to our substance” implying it’s necessity in us, Jesus is our life

the revelation of Jesus as LORD in John, significance of John 8:58 and Thomas in John 20:24-49

“In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God”, then in john 8:58 Jesus testifies to Himself explicitly (“before Abraham came to be I AM”), then in 20:40-49, Thomas: “My Lord and my God”

how is the doctrine of the Trinity rooted in the “Missions” of the Son and the HS

ask dr. salzmann

definition of Person (hypostasis) and nature (ousia)

1. person: the agent of an action, WHO

2. nature: the sum total of actions a thing can perform (WHAT)

explain Jesus’ “two births”

1. earthly (human) birth, through Mary, the Word Incarnate

2. eternal birth, “begotten of the Father before all ages”

TWO BIRTHS IMPLIES TWO NATURES

explain double predication and how it relates to Christ

predicate is what we attribute to a subject, double predication is that we attribute both Human and Divine actions to Christ, and if actions are an indication of nature, then Jesus has both human and divine natures

Dr. Salzmann’s rule of Christological Orthodoxy

ask dr salzmann

docetic Christology

the Christology of the Gnostics which says Jesus only “appears human”

arius and arian subordinationalism and athanasius’ reply at the council of Nicea

arius basically said because Jesus was begotten of God he was of a lesser substance than God, Athanasius said children are the same substance as their parents therefore Jesus is homo-ousious with the Father

what is the significance of the council of nicea

this council determined that the Son is CONSUBSTANTIAL (homo-ousion) with the Father

What do the Divine actions of the Holy Spirit prove?

in order for the HS to perform divine actions and make us sharers in the Divine Nature, then He too must be Divine

Modalism and patripassianism

modalism says there is only 1 agent (person) in God, and if this is the case, then did God the Father die on the cross? (patripassionism)

tritheism

God is three persons and three natures

partialism

the persons of the Trinity are all just individual parts of God, who each share a third of the nature, not each wholly possessing the divine nature

what are the 5 points in Sheed’s outline of the Trinity?

1. in the one divine Nature, there are three Persons, Father, Son, and Holy Ghost

2. No one of the Persons is either of the others, each wholly himself

3. The Father is God, the Son is God, the Holy Ghost is God

4. they are not three Gods but one God

5. in summary, there are three persons in one nature

what is the psychological analogy of the Trinity?

Father=mind, Son=intellect, Spirit=will. The mine begets the intellect (thoughts), and together the mind and the intellect can will. The father Begets the Son and the HS proceeds from both the father and the son.

social analogy

Lover, Beloved, and Love

Kenosis

literally “pouring out”, of the Father into the Son, revealed on the Cross

the Trinitarian Persons are defined only by relations

the Three of the Godhead are not separate beings, but are constitued by their very relationships of generous giving, truthful expressing, and joyful

person vs individual

person: defined by relationships with other people

individual: simply one member of a group

Communio Personarum

we are defined by relationships just like the Trinity, and our relationships are called to become kenotic, like the Trinity. Marriage and religious life are a reflection of the community of persons, man was not made to be alone but to be in community