ANP1 Lab Practical 2: Origin, insertion, and Primary Action

Gracilis

• Origin: Inferior ramus and body of pubis^[1][2].

• Insertion: Medial surface of proximal tibia (pes anserinus)^[1][2].

• Primary Action: Adducts thigh at hip^[1]

Rectus Femoris

• Origin: Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine (AIIS)^[1][2].

• Insertion: Tibial tuberosity (via patella and patellar ligament)^[1][2].

• Primary Action: Extends knee^[1] (also flexes hip).

Vastus Lateralis

• Origin: Greater trochanter and linea aspera of femur^[1].

• Insertion: Tibial tuberosity via the patellar tendon/ligament^[1].

• Action: Extends knee^[1].

Vastus Intermedius

• Origin: Anterior and lateral shaft of femur^[1].

• Insertion: Tibial tuberosity via the patellar tendon/ligament^[1].

• Action: Extends knee^[1].

Tensor Fasicae Latae

• Origin: Anterior Superior Iliac Spine (ASIS) and anterior iliac crest^[1][2].

• Insertion: Iliotibial tract (IT band)^[1][2].

• Primary Action: Abducts thigh at hip^[1].

Gluteus Maximus

• Origin: Outer ilium (posterior gluteal line), sacrum, and coccyx^[1][2].

• Insertion: Gluteal tuberosity of femur and iliotibial tract^[1][2].

• Primary Action: Extends hip^[1].

Gluteus Medius

• Origin: Outer surface of ilium (between anterior and posterior gluteal lines)^[1][2].

• Insertion: Greater trochanter of femur^[1][2].

• Primary Action: Abducts thigh at hip^[1].

Gluteus Minimus

• Origin: Outer surface of ilium (between anterior and inferior gluteal lines)^[1][2].

• Insertion: Greater trochanter of femur (anterior surface)^[1][2].

• Primary Action: Abducts thigh at hip^[1].

Biceps Femoris

• Origin: Long head: Ischial tuberosity; Short head: Linea aspera of femur^[1][2].

• Insertion: Head of fibula^[1][2].

• Primary Action: Flexes knee^[1] (long head also extends hip).

Semitendinosus

• Origin: Ischial tuberosity^[1][2].

• Insertion: Medial surface of proximal tibia (pes anserinus)^[1][2].

• Primary Action: Flexes knee^[1] (also extends hip).

Semimembranosus

• Origin: Ischial tuberosity^[1][2].

• Insertion: Posterior aspect of medial condyle of tibia^[1][2].

• Primary Action: Flexes knee^[1] (also extends hip).

Gastrocnemius

• Origin: Medial and lateral condyles of femur^[1][2].

• Insertion: Calcaneus (heel bone) via calcaneal (Achilles) tendon^[1][2].

• Primary Action: Plantar flexes foot^[1][4] (also flexes knee).

Soleus

• Origin: Head and proximal posterior shaft of fibula, and medial border of tibia^[1][2].

• Insertion: Calcaneus via calcaneal tendon^[1][2].

• Primary Action: Plantar flexes foot^[1][4].

Tibialis Posterior

• Origin: Posterior shaft of tibia, fibula, and interosseous membrane^[1][2].

• Insertion: Navicular, cuneiforms, cuboid, and bases of metatarsals II–IV^[1][2].

• Primary Action: Inverts foot^[1][4] (also plantar flexes foot).

Flexor Digitorum Longus

• Origin: Posterior surface of shaft of tibia^[1][2].

• Insertion: Plantar surface of bases of distal phalanges of digits II–V^[1][2].

• Primary Action: Flexes digits II–V (toes)^[1].

Tibialis Anterior

• Origin: Lateral condyle and upper lateral shaft of tibia^[1][2].

• Insertion: Medial cuneiform and base of Metatarsal I^[1][2].

• Primary Action: Dorsiflexes foot^[1][4] (also inverts foot).

Fibularis Longus

• Origin: Head and upper lateral shaft of fibula^[1][2].

• Insertion: Medial cuneiform and base of Metatarsal I^[1][2].

• Primary Action: Everts foot^[1][4] (also plantar flexes foot).

Vastus Medialis

• Origin: Linea aspera and intertrochanteric line of femur^[1].

• Insertion: Tibial tuberosity via the patellar tendon/ligament^[1].

• Action: Extends knee^[1].