Chapter 7 - Special Senses

conjunctiva

mucous membrane that lines the eyelids and outer surface of the eyeball

orbit

bony cavity of the skull that encases the eye

lacrimal glands

glands that secrete tears

lacrimal ducts

channels that carry tears to the eyes

nasolacrimal ducts

ducts that carry tears from the lacrimal glands to the nose

tarsal glands

oil glands along the edges of the eyelids that lubricate the eye

aqueous humor

watery fluid that fills the anterior chamber of the eye between the lens and the cornea

cornea

transparent outer covering of the anterior portion of the eye

iris

colored muscular part of the eye located behind the cornea that allows light to pass through

sclera

though fibrous outer layer of the eye that extends from the cornea to the optic nerve

choroid

middle layer of eye that contains blood vessels

lens

transparent structure being the pupil that bends and focuses light rays

pupil

opening in the middle of the iris through which light passes

vitreous humor

jelly-like fluid that fills the posterior chamber of the eye between the lens and the retina

fundus

posterior portion of the interior of the eyeball, visible through the ophthalmoscope

pupil

opening in the middle of the iris through which light passes

retina

innermost layer of the eye that contains visual receptors (rods and cones)

blephar / o

eyelid

conjunctiv / o

conjunctiva

cor / e , cor / o

pupil

corne / o

cornea

cry / o

cold

dacry / o

tears, lacrimal duct

dipl / o

double , two

ir / o , irid / o

iris

kerat / o

cornea

lacrim / o

tears, lacrimal duct

ocul / o

eye

ophthalmologist / o

eye

opt / o

vision, eye

phot / o

light

presby / o

related to aging

pupill / o

pupil

retin / o

retina

scler / o

hard, sclera

ton / o

tension, pressure

bi - , bin-

two, twice

chorodio -

the choroid

ictero -

jaundice

-ectasia , -ectasis

diltion, stretching

-lysis

destruction, breakdown, separation

-malacia

softening

-meter

instrument for measuring

-metry

measurement of

-opia , -opsia

vision

-pexy

surgical fixation

-phobia

abnormal fear of, aversion to, sensitivity to

-plasty

surgical repair, reconstruction

-plegia

paralysis

-ptosis

prolapse, drooping, sagging

-rrhea

flow, discharge

-scopy

process of examining, examination

-spasm

involuntary movement

-trophia

to turn

accommodation

ability of the eye to adjust focus on near objects

binocular

pertaining to both eyes

belpharal

pertaining to eyelid

conjunctival

pertaining to the conjunctiva

corneal

pertaining to the cornea

intraocular

within or inside the eye

bridal, iridial

pertaining to the iris

lacrimal

pertaining to tears

ocular

pertaining to eye

ophthalmic

pertaining to eye

optic

pertaining to vision

pupillary

pertaining to the pupil

retinal

pertaining to the retina

scleral

pertaining to the sclera

amblyopia

poor vision, usually in only one eye, caused by abnormal development of the visual area (lazy eye)

astigmatism

distorted, blurry vision caused by abnormal curvature of the cornea and lens

blepharitis

inflammation of the eyelid

belpharoptosis

drooping of the eyelids, also shortened to ptosis

blepharospasm

contraction of the muscles surrounding the eye, causing uncontrolled blinking

cataract

clouding of the lens of the eye, causing poor vision

chalazion

inflammation of the eyelid from a blocked tarsal gland

color blindness

deficiency in distinguishing some colors

conjunctivitis

highly contagious inflammation of the conjunctiva, commonly known as pinkeye

dacryoadenitis

inflammation of lacrimal gland

dacryocystitis

inflammation of lacrimal sac

dacryolith

stone in the lacrimal sac or lacrimal ducts

dacryorrhea

excessive discharge of tears

detached retina

separation of the retina from the chord in the back of the eye, can be caused by injury, tumor, or hemorrhage

diabetic retinopathy

degernative changes of the retina caused by diabetes mellitus, may lead to blindness

diplopia

double vision

exophthalmos

abnormal protrusion of one or both eyeballs

glaucoma

group of diseases of the eye characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the optic nerve

hordeolum

infection of an oil gland of the eyelid, commonly called a sty

hyperopia

farsightedness

iridomalacia

softening of the iris

iridopelgia

paralysis of the iris

iritis

inflammation of the iris

keratitis

inflammation of the cornea

keratomalacia

softening of the cornea, usually associated with serve vitamin A deficiency

macular degeneration

deterioration of the macula, casing impaired central vision, most commonly related to advancing age

myopia

nearsightedness

nyctalopia

poor vision in reduced light or at night, commonly called night blindness

nystagmus

involuntary rhythmic movements of the eye

ophthalmalgia

pain the eye

ophthalmia

condition of the eye characterized by serve conjunctivitis

ophthalmopathy

any diease of the eyes