SPH10013: Physical Activity, Health & Technology - Revision

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering measurement tools, behavioral models, interventions, evaluation frameworks, and healthcare prevention concepts for SPH10013.

Physical Activity

Any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that results in energy expenditure.

Sedentary Behaviour

Any waking behaviour characterized by an energy expenditure of $\le 1.5$ METs while in a sitting, reclining, or lying posture.

Physical Inactivity

An insufficient level of physical activity that fails to meet current national health guidelines or recommendations.

Domains of Physical Activity

The specific contextual settings in which physical activity is carried out, classified into leisure-time, occupational, domestic/household, and active transport.

Dimensions of Physical Activity

The quantifiable parameters of physical movement, abbreviated by the FITT framework: Frequency, Intensity, Time (duration), and Type.

Subjective Measures

Assessment tools that rely on self-reporting or cognitive recall from participants, including surveys, questionnaires, and activity logs.

Objective Measures

Assessment instruments that quantify physical activity or physiological parameters directly without participant recall bias, including pedometers, accelerometers, heart rate monitors, and GPS devices.

Practicality vs. Accuracy Trade-off

The inverse relationship between a measurement method's accuracy and its ease of implementation, where high-accuracy tools are resource-intensive and suited for individual studies, while practical tools with lower accuracy are suited for population-level surveillance.

Social-Ecological Model

A comprehensive conceptual framework evaluating behavioural influences across four interdependent levels: intrapersonal (individual), interpersonal (social), physical environment, and policy/organizational factors.

The Ironbark Project

An evidence-based community fall-prevention and healthy ageing intervention designed specifically for older Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander individuals, operating across multiple socio-ecological levels.

Transtheoretical Model of Change

A stage-based behavioural model stating that individuals progress through distinct temporal stages of readiness when adopting a behaviour: precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, and maintenance.

Social Cognitive Theory

A behavioural theory positing reciprocal determinism, where behaviour, cognitive personal factors, and environmental influences continuously interact, heavily driven by self-efficacy and observational learning.

Health Belief Model

A psychological model suggesting health-related actions depend on perceptions of susceptibility to and severity of an illness, weighed against perceived benefits, barriers, cues to action, and self-efficacy.

Theory of Planned Behaviour

An extension of the Theory of Reasoned Action stating that human behavioural intention and subsequent performance are governed by attitude toward the behaviour, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control.

Correlate

A factor that shows a statistically significant relationship or association with physical activity or sedentary behaviour without establishing direct causality.

Determinant

A factor verified through longitudinal or experimental intervention studies to hold a direct, proven causal relationship with physical activity or sedentary behaviour.

Tailoring

The customisation of intervention components or messages to fit the specific, unique characteristics, needs, or stage of change of an individual or target group.

Deadly Choices

An Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health initiative that promotes physical activity, healthy eating, and routine health checks to empower communities toward healthy lifestyles.

Formative Evaluation

Assessment executed during the planning and development phase of an intervention to determine feasibility, appropriateness, and acceptability for the target population before complete launch.

Process Evaluation

Assessment focusing on whether intervention activities were executed as intended, tracking quality of delivery, participant uptake, dose, and contextual implementation barriers.

Impact and Outcome Evaluation

Assessment evaluating the consequences of an intervention; impact evaluation tracks immediate or short-term changes, whereas outcome evaluation measures broad, long-term health and disease effects.

RE-AIM Framework

A systematic evaluation framework designed to assess the public health impact of interventions across five dimensions: Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance.

Reactivity

A temporary change or alteration in a person's typical behaviour arising solely from their awareness that they are being observed or monitored.

Inter-rater Reliability

The extent to which two or more independent raters or observers score the exact same behaviour identically when applying the same measurement criteria.

Intra-rater Reliability

The degree of consistency demonstrated by a single rater when scoring or evaluating the same data across multiple observation instances.

Primary Prevention

Public health strategies designed to intervene before illness occurs by reducing exposure to risk factors and promoting protective lifestyle behaviours such as regular physical activity.

Secondary Prevention

Interventions aimed at early detection and prompt intervention to slow or arrest the progression of asymptomatic or early-stage disease.

Tertiary Prevention

Clinical and rehabilitative interventions aimed at managing diagnosed, symptomatic chronic conditions to mitigate complications and preserve physical functionality.

Settings-Based Approach

A health promotion strategy that embeds health-enhancing structures and policies into specific physical and organizational environments where people congregate, such as workplaces, schools, and communities.

Gamification of Physical Activity

The application of game design elements—such as points, badges, competition, and leaderboards—to physical activity tracking apps to enhance user engagement and exercise adherence.